Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Non-Catalytic In-Situ Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran Using Response Surface Methodology Historical Data Design

Abstract

Rice bran oil (RBO)is claimed to be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Non-catalytic in-situ biodiesel production from a low-cost feedstock (rice bran) using subcritical ethanol-water mixture was investigated in this study. The influence of four independent variables, i.e., addition of co-solvent, ethanol concentration, temperature, and time of reactions, on the yield of biodiesel was examined. The results showed that the most effective co-solvent wasethyl acetate and the optimum ethanol concentration, temperature and reaction time were 80% v/v, 200 oC and 3 hours, respectively. The maximum yield of biodiesel was found to be around 80%. The optimization of operating conditions was carried out by response surface methodology (RSM) with historical data design (HDD). The statistical method also suggested similar optimum operating conditions, i.e., 78.44% (v/v) ethanol concentration, 200 oC, and 3.2 hours reaction time with ethyl acetate as a co-solvent. The predicted maximum biodiesel yield was also slightly lower, i.e., 76.98%. Therefore, this study suggests that biodiesel production from rice bran through a non-catalytic in-situ process using a subcritical ethanol-water mixture with ethyl acetate as a co-solvent is very feasible since the yield can reach 80%. The study also found that RSM with HDD can predict the optimum operating conditions with a good accuracy.

Harnessing a Better Future: Exploring AI and ML Applications in Renewable Energy

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Perkembangan Industri Tahu Bungkeng di Kabupaten Sumedang Tahun 1990-2000

“…Apalagi para pengusaha tahu mempunyai kepercayaan terhadap tahu yang akan dipasarkan, agar para pelaku usaha retail terjamin ketersediaan barangnya. Berdasarkan dari sudut pandang toko kacang kedelai, toko kacang kedelai diperkirakan berdirinya industri tahu menyebabkan peningkatan penjualan kedelai secara signifikan, yang pada akhirnya memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap keuntungan sektor tersebut (Baugh, 2018;Blau, 2019;Cornaggia, 2022;Kuśnierz-Krupa, 2019;Neuman, 2018;Niehaus, 2020;Vita, 2020;Zullaikah, 2021).…”

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

“…Indeed, heterogeneous acid catalysts such as oxides of metal, heteropoly acids, ionic liquids (ILs), sulfonic-acid-functionalized catalysts, zeolites, and others are considered as popular catalysts in producing biodiesel; − their classification is depicted in Figure . However, these described catalytic systems possess one or more of these three drawbacks: poor conversion, high cost, and catalyst toxicity. , A previous study has shown that heteropolyacids are very effective acidic catalysts for chemical processes; however, straight heteropolyacids are readily solvable in polar environments, rendering recovery problematic, in addition to having a limited surface. , So, to prevent such penalties, the heteropolyacids should be encapsulated inside porous frameworks. , …”

“…45 However, these described catalytic systems possess one or more of these three drawbacks: poor conversion, high cost, and catalyst toxicity. 46,47 A previous study has shown that heteropolyacids are very effective acidic catalysts for chemical processes; 48 however, straight heteropolyacids are readily solvable in polar environments, rendering recovery problematic, in addition to having a limited surface. 49,50 So, to prevent such penalties, the heteropolyacids should be encapsulated inside porous frameworks.…”