Experimental investigation into effect of cooling of traversed weld nugget on quality of high-density polyethylene joints

Nateghi, Ebrahim; Hosseinzadeh, Morteza

doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7663-4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The influence of the cooling stage after the conventional FSW process was investigated by Nateghi and Hosseinzadeh [ 57 ]. In this experiment, they butt welded 5 mm thick HDPE plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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The objective of current work is to analyse the influence of different welding techniques and welding parameters on the morphology and mechanical strength of friction stir welds (FSW) in polymers, based on data collected in the literature. In the current work, only articles that provide data on the joint efficiency, or sufficient information to estimate it are considered. The process using conventional tool is presented and compared with new procedures developed for FSW of polymers, such as those using tools with heated stationary shoulder, preheating of the polymer or double-side passage of the tool. The influence of tool rotational speed (w), welding speed (v), tilt angle and geometry of the pin are discussed. This work focuses on the polymers most studied in the literature, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The use of external heating and tools with stationary shoulder proved to be of great importance in improving the surface finish, reducing defects, and increasing the mechanical strength of the welds. The increase in the w/v ratio increased the joint efficiency, especially when using conventional tools on PE. A trend was obtained for conventional FSW, but it was difficult to establish mathematical relationships, because of the variability of welding conditions.

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“…The influence of the cooling stage after the conventional FSW process was investigated by Nateghi and Hosseinzadeh [ 57 ]. In this experiment, they butt welded 5 mm thick HDPE plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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“…After completing all the steps of the FSW process, the material must remain clamped to the structure for a few minutes to decrease the possibilities of distortions during cooling [33]. Some authors defend the need of a fifth step, the cooling stage, since the cooling conditions may affect the quality of the weld produced [78]. The welded joint usually presents a keyhole at the end of the welding path and material protrusion at the beginning [75].…”

Section: Friction Stir Welding (Fsw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Joining of Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer Composites by Friction Stir Welding—A Review

et al. 2022

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The objective of the current work is to show the potential of the friction stir welding (FSW) and its variants to join fibre-reinforced thermoplastic polymer (FRTP) composites. To accomplish that, the FSW technique and two other important variants, the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) and the refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), are presented and explained in a brief but complete way. Since the joining of FRTP composites by FSSW has not yet been demonstrated, the literature review will be focused on the FSW and RFSSW techniques. In each review, the welding conditions and parameters studied by the different authors are presented and discussed, as well as the most important conclusions taken from them. About FSW, it can be concluded that the rotational speed and the welding speed have great influence on heat generation, mixture quality, and fibre fragmentation degree, while the tilt angle only has residual influence on the process. The reduction of internal and external defects can be achieved by adjusting axial force and plunge depth. Threaded or grooved conical pins achieved better results than other geometries. Stationary shoulder tools showed better performance than conventional tools. Regarding the RFSSW, it has not yet been possible to deepen conclusions about most of the welding parameters, but its feasibility is demonstrated.

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“…One of the studies investigated the weld nugget cooling effects on the joint mechanical properties. Nateghi and Hosseinzadeh [142] have investigated the effects of external cooling of the weld nugget using carbon-dioxide gas for HDPE sheets with a threaded pin tool. The joint mechanical properties improve (tensile strength increases, angular distortion decreases) with increasing the cooling pressure, which happens due to a drop in the thermal residual stresses.…”

Section: Butt-joint Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

et al. 2021

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Friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) techniques are becoming widely popular joining techniques because of their increasing potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and other structural industries. These techniques have not only successfully joined similar and dissimilar metal and polymer parts but have also successfully developed polymer-metallic hybrid joints. This study classifies the literature available on the FSW and FSSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites on the basis of joining materials (similar or dissimilar), joint configurations, tooling conditions, medium conditions, and study types. It provides a state-of-the-art and detailed review of the experimental studies available on the FSW and FSSW between similar thermoplastics. The mechanical properties of FSW (butt- and lap-joint configurations) and FSSW weld joints depend on various factors. These factors include the welding process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle, etc.), base material, tool geometry (pin and shoulder size, pin profile, etc.) and tool material, and medium conditions (submerged, non-submerged, heat-assisted tooling, cooling-assisted tooling). Because of the dependence on many factors, it is difficult to optimize the welding conditions to obtain a high-quality weld joint with superior mechanical properties. The general guidelines are established by reviewing the available literature. These guidelines, if followed, will help to achieve high-quality weld joints with least defects and superior mechanical properties. Apart from parametric-based studies, the statistical-based studies (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based studies) are covered, which helps with the determination of the influential parameters that affect the FSW and FSSW weld joint strength. Also, the optimal ranges of the most influential process parameters for different thermoplastic materials are established. The current work on the development of general guidelines and determination of influential parameters and their operating ranges from published literature can help with designing smart future experimental studies for obtaining the global optimum welding conditions. The gaps in the available literature and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.

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Experimental investigation into effect of cooling of traversed weld nugget on quality of high-density polyethylene joints

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Techniques and Parameters on Polymers Joint Efficiency—A Critical Review

Joining of Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer Composites by Friction Stir Welding—A Review

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

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