Experimental investigation of a thermocell with proton exchange membrane and hydrogen electrodes

Marquardt, Tobias; Kube, J.; Radici, P.; Kabelac, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.171

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, the structural design of the cells such as the shape of the cell and the distance between electrodes will have a much greater impact on ZT . By optimizing the electrode selection and cell structure, the ZT value could be further improved. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Thermocells Driven by the Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel Nanoparticles

Guo

Miura

Hoshino

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Thermocells are thermoelectrochemical conversion systems for harvesting low-temperature thermal energy. Liquidstate thermocells are particularly desirable because of low cost and their high conversion efficiency at temperatures around physiological temperature, and they have, thus, been extensively studied. However, the performance of the thermocells has to be improved to utilize them as energy chargers and/or batteries. Recently, we reported that a liquid-state thermocell driven by the volume phase transition of hydrogel nanoparticles showed highly efficient thermoelectric conversion with Seebeck coefficient (S e ) of −6.7 mV K −1 . Here, we report the design rationale of the thermocells driven by the phase transition. A high S e of −9.5 mV K −1 was achieved at temperature between 36 and 40 °C by optimizing choice and amount of redox chemical species. The figure of merit (ZT) of the thermocell was improved by selecting appropriate electrolyte salt to increase the ionic conductivity and prevent the precipitation of nanoparticles. Furthermore, screening of nanoparticles revealed the high correlation between S e and the pH shift generated as a result of phase transition of the nanoparticles. After optimization, the maximum ZT of 8.0 × 10 −2 was achieved at a temperature between 20 and 70 °C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Thermocells Driven by the Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel Nanoparticles

Guo

Miura

Hoshino

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…There are different concepts of TGCs available: those that contain all the reactants in the electrolyte, making a continuous operation possible as all species are transported through the electrolyte [4][5][6], and others that need the reactants Energies 2023, 16, 5434 2 of 19 provided externally at both electrodes [7][8][9]. For steady operation of the latter, the reactants must either be recirculated or the electrodes sequentially heated and cooled [10]. In addition to these different concepts, TGCs also vary in redox couples and electrolytes, which is well summarized in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, a TGC consisting of a solid polymer membrane as the electrolyte (PEM) and two humidified hydrogen gas electrodes of different temperatures is considered, as presented in [10,16,17] (see Figure 1). An EMF is generated due to the temperature gradient between the electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Coupled Transport Mechanisms in a PEM Based Thermoelectric Energy Converter

Willke,

Rahm,

Kabelac

2023

Energies

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Thermoelectric energy converters based on galvanic cells (TGC) offer the possibility of direct conversion of low-temperature waste heat into electrical energy and could therefore be a promising approach for an increase in the overall efficiency of energy conversion. Due to an externally applied heat source, a temperature gradient across the electrolyte is induced, leading to a gradient in the chemical potential of the species and an electrical potential difference between the electrodes. The aim of approaching an internal equilibrium state leads to various coupled molecular transport mechanisms taking place in the electrolyte, impacting the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the performance of the TGC. By applying the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics (NET) to describe these coupled processes, the interactions that occur can be characterized in more detail. In this work, a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based TGC with two H2/H2O electrodes of different temperatures and gas compositions is experimentally investigated. By controlling the gradients in temperature and concentration, different impacts on the resulting OCV can be identified. In addition, we present the measured coupling coefficient, representing the singular relation between the transport of the hydrogen ions inside the membrane and the electrical potential difference between the electrodes for a wide variety of working conditions.

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“…There are some studies in the literature that consider the coupled transport processes in different electrochemical systems, see. [19][20][21][22][23][24] As mentioned before, the local transport processes for a SOFC have already been determined by a 1D model based on the NET. 5 It is shown that under the prevailing temperature gradients, the Soret effect (coupling the mass flow and a temperature gradient) can be neglected.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Loss Mechanism Localization in a Semi-2D SOEC Single Cell Modell: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics versus Monocausal-Based Approach

Gedik,

Wachtel,

Kabelac

2024

ECS Adv.

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This study aims to theoretically analyze the local entropy production rate in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) single cell at T = 1123.15 K and p = 1 bar. Local entropy rates signify loss mechanisms, crucial for cell design and optimization. A semi-2D SOEC model based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics is developed, supplemented by monocausal correlations for direct comparison. The model is validated using KeraCell III data and grid independence analysis. Simulations of electric current density, temperature, heat flow, and local entropy production for various SOEC operating modes are presented. Coupled transport mechanisms significance is discussed, highlighting the pronounced impact of the Peltier effect on heat flux and temperature. The importance of the Peltier effect in SOECs compared to SOFCs is emphasised. The effects of the Seebeck effect on the potential distribution are superimposed by the dominant ohmic losses in the electrolyte. The localisation of entropy production rates shows for exothermic operation that 66.64 % of the total losses are due to the predominantly dominant irreversible ion transport in the electrolyte, while the entanglements in the reaction layers contribute 33.02 % and GDLs less than 1 %.

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Experimental investigation of a thermocell with proton exchange membrane and hydrogen electrodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Rational Design of Thermocells Driven by the Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel Nanoparticles

Rational Design of Thermocells Driven by the Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel Nanoparticles

Experimental Investigation of Coupled Transport Mechanisms in a PEM Based Thermoelectric Energy Converter

Comparative Analysis of Loss Mechanism Localization in a Semi-2D SOEC Single Cell Modell: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics versus Monocausal-Based Approach

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