“…Based on the heat of ion transport in the Born model, − the initial contribution from one type of ion to the ionic Seebeck coefficient is relatively low, which is expected to be in the range of 0.1 mV K –1 . ,, Great efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of electrochemical thermoelectric devices from the aspect of both electrolyte and electrode. , Optimizing the electrolyte property is a popular approach to promote the ionic Seebeck coefficient. ,− For instance, the ratio of thermal diffusion to ion diffusion in the polyelectrolyte is proved to be much higher than that of the aqueous system. This leads to a larger thermovoltage and a more stable response in the polyelectrolyte. ,,, It is worth noting that the difference in the dielectric constant (ε water ≫ ε polyelectrolyte ) cannot achieve such an enhancement because heat transfer and ion transport are both more efficient in the aqueous solution. ,, In addition, other methods are also applied in the electrolytes for higher and more stable energy conversion, such as importing fixed arrayed tunnels and adding redox electrolytes (e.g., ferrocyanide/ferricyanide − ).…”