Experimental investigation of ablation efficiency and plasma expansion during femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of silicon

Dynamics of strong-field laser-induced microplasma formation in noble gases

“…An order of magnitude decrease in the electron temperature of Xe plasma is observed within the first 250 ps after the plasma formation. Tracking such rapid dynamics was made possible in our measurements because the temporal resolution is increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the previous nanosecond measurements [29,30,33,34]. The e> [35] , and provide a complement to the h lower values of p I is manifest in the intensity evolution of the FWM signal generated in the micro-plasma.…”

“…The Stark-broadening of emission lines provides an additional means to measure electron density [27,28], and this method has recently been used to compare the electron dynamics for femtosecond and nanosecond laser-induced plasmas [29,30]. Spectroscopic analysis has also been employed to measure the electron temperature dynamics in plasmas generated with fs duration pulses [29,30].…”

“…Spectroscopic analysis has also been employed to measure the electron temperature dynamics in plasmas generated with fs duration pulses [29,30]. Several methods have been used including the Boltzmann relation, and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio [31,32], both of which are based on the condition of local thermal equilibrium.…”

Cavitation bubble dynamics during pulsed laser ablation of a metallic glass in water

“…The first image captures the optically active plasma plume that has already expanded into the entire viewing window. Since the plasma lifetime is much shorter than the time between two frames [17][18][19], the first snapshot is regarded as a reference for time recording (t = 0 µs). The bubble expands for a duration of about 800 µs and then shrinks, followed by the collapse after 1440 µs.…”

Investigation of pulse shape characteristics on the laser ablation dynamics of TiN coatings in the ns regime

“…On the other hand, several techniques for monitoring ablation dynamics can be employed for a direct observation of the ablation plume and shock wave. The monitoring methods are mainly based on optical approaches such as probe beam deflection [12,13], shadowography [14][15][16][17][18][19], schlieren photography [20], interferometry [21,22] and digital holography [23][24][25][26]. The previous works in the literature have provided a better understanding of the ablation phenomenon in general.…”