Experimental investigation of an industrial scale black liquor gasifier. 1. The effect of reactor operation parameters on product gas composition

Carlsson, Per; Wiinikka, Henrik; Marklund, Magnus; Grönberg, Carola; Pettersson, Esbjörn; Lidman, M.; Gebart, Rikard

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.003

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…More detailed description of the reactions involved can be found elsewhere (Higman and Burgt 2008;Carlsson et al 2010). The initial pyrolysis stage generates pyrolysis gases (e.g., H 2 , H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C x H y O z ) and a carbon-rich char as the fuel thermally decomposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Characterization of Syngas Particulates Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry in Entrained-Flow Biomass Gasification

Weiland

Nilsson

Wiinikka

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Entrained flow gasification is a promising technique where biomass is converted to a synthesis gas (syngas) under fuel-rich conditions. In contrast to combustion, where the fuel is converted to heat, CO 2 , and H 2 O, the syngas from gasification is rich in energetic gases such as CO and H 2 . These compounds (CO and H 2 ) represent the building blocks for further catalytic synthesis to chemicals or biofuels. Impurities in the syngas, such as particulates, need to be reduced to different levels depending on the syngas application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of particulates; the particle size distribution and the particle composition from entrained flow gasification of pine stem wood at different operating conditions of the gasifier. For this purpose, online time resolved measurements were performed with a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The main advantage of SP-AMS compared to other techniques is that the particle composition (soot, PAH, organics, and ash forming elements) can be obtained with high time resolution and thus studied as a direct effect of the gasifier-operating conditions. The results suggest that syngas particulates were essentially composed of soot at these tested process temperatures in the reactor (1200-1400 C). Furthermore, the AMS analysis showed a clear correlation between the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot in the raw syngas. Minimization of soot and PAH yields from entrained flow gasification of wood proved to be possible by further increasing the O 2 addition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Characterization of Syngas Particulates Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry in Entrained-Flow Biomass Gasification

Weiland

Nilsson

Wiinikka

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…However, compared to combustion [6] and gasification [24], treating black liquor via electrolysis has the following advantages: (1) no need to concentrate the thin black liquor, which reduces the enormous amount of energy that is consumed during water evaporation; (2) no lime is consumed in the NaOH regeneration process, thereby, eliminating the energy intensive lime cycle, together with the necessary solid residue disposal system; (3) reduced emissions of CO 2 gas and other poisonous gases [7]; (4) large-scale generation of lignin, which has potential to be converted into bioenergy and bio-materials [13,25,26]; (5) in addition to lignin, other organic components in the solution are recovered via polymerization, thereby reducing the amount of organic pollutants discharged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a technology has been under development for the past three decades [7]. The process of black liquor gasification feeds black liquor with a 65%-75% solid content and limited amount of oxygen/air into the gasifier, so that a series of reactions lead to the conversion of the black liquor into CO, H 2 , CO 2 and sodium carbonate at high temperatures [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Hydrogen, Lignin and Sodium Hydroxide from Pulping Black Liquor by Electrolysis

2015

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Black liquor is generated in Kraft pulping of wood or non-wood raw material in pulp mills, and regarded as a renewable resource. The objective of this paper was to develop an effective means to remove the water pollutants by recovery of both lignin and sodium hydroxide from black liquor, based on electrolysis. The treatment of a 1000 mL of black liquor (122 g/L solid contents) consumed 345.6 kJ of electric energy, and led to the generation of 30.7 g of sodium hydroxide, 0.82 g of hydrogen gas and 52.1 g of biomass solids. Therefore, the recovery ratios of elemental sodium and biomass solids are 80.4% and 76%, respectively. Treating black liquor by electrolysis is an environmentally friendly technology that can, in particular, be an alternative process in addressing the environmental issues of pulping waste liquor to the small-scale mills without black liquor recovery.

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“…In the process, it is stripped of particulates which are eventually recirculated back, together with condensed syngas tars, to a pool of liquid at the bottom of the gasifier that also contains the dissolved smelt in an aqueous solution named green liquor (GL). Further details can be found in an earlier parametric study [5] as well as in a recently published performance assessment of black liquor gasification [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally developed by Chemrec AB, the pressurized entrained-flow (EF) black liquor gasification (BLG) technology has now been demonstrated for 28,000 h at the 3 MW th LTU Green Fuels pilot plant in Piteå, Sweden. Since its completion in 2005, the plant has been the site of several investigations into the gasification characteristics of black liquor (BL), which is a by-product of the pulping process [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The catalytic effect of BL alkali content ensures the production of a low-methane, tar-and soot-free syngas at residence times in the order of seconds and at temperatures around 1000-1050°C [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of black liquor and pyrolysis oil co-gasification in pilot scale

Jafri

Furusjö

Kirtania

et al. 2017

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The effect of the blend ratio and reactor temperature on the gasification characteristics of pyrolysis oil (PO) and black liquor (BL) blends with up to 20 wt% PO was studied in a pilot-scale entrained-flow gasifier. In addition to unblended BL, three blends with PO/BL ratios of 10/90, 15/85, and 20/80 wt% were gasified at a constant load of 2.75 MW th . The 15/85 PO/BL blend was used to investigate the effect of temperature in the range 1000-1100°C. The decrease in fuel inorganic content with increasing PO fraction resulted in more dilute green liquor (GL), and a greater portion of the feedstock carbon ended up in syngas as CO. As a consequence, the cold gas efficiency increased by about 5%-units. Carbon conversion was in the range 98.8-99.5% and did not vary systematically with either fuel composition or temperature. Although the measured reactor temperatures increased slightly with increasing PO fraction, both unblended BL and the 15% PO blend exhibited largely similar behavior in response to temperature variations. The results from this study show that blending BL with the more energy-rich PO can increase the cold gas efficiency and improve the process carbon distribution without adversely affecting either carbon conversion or the general process performance.

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Experimental investigation of an industrial scale black liquor gasifier. 1. The effect of reactor operation parameters on product gas composition

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Online Characterization of Syngas Particulates Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry in Entrained-Flow Biomass Gasification

Online Characterization of Syngas Particulates Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry in Entrained-Flow Biomass Gasification

Generation of Hydrogen, Lignin and Sodium Hydroxide from Pulping Black Liquor by Electrolysis

A study of black liquor and pyrolysis oil co-gasification in pilot scale

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