“…4 In case of asymmetrically heated channel, the Dean vortices perturb the thermal stratification, which typically occurs in straight HARCC. [8][9][10][11] In fact, in the presence of heat transfer, the secondary flow enhances mixing between the low-density fluid near the hot wall and the high-density fluid near the cold wall. In the case of wall heated at the concave side, the vortex pair transports fluid from the cold side to the heated side at the channel center line.…”