Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer augmentation for car radiator using ZnO–water nanofluids

Nanofluids to improve the performance of PEM fuel cell cooling systems: A theoretical approach

“…In Fig. 5, the Nusselt number vs Reynolds numbers of this study has been compared with the results of experimental investigation of Ali et al [97], Sajadi and Kazemi [112] and Li and Xuan [99]. The comparison shows a good agreement with the experimental result of Sajadi and Kazemi [112] with the deviation of around 4%.…”

“…The comparison shows a good agreement with the experimental result of Sajadi and Kazemi [112] with the deviation of around 4%. However, the modelling result shows relatively less agreement with the experimental results of Ali et al [97] and Li and Xuan [99]. This could be due to uncertain boundary conditions and/or methods used in those experimental studies.…”

“…The heat exchanger core selected for this study is continuous finned flat aluminum tubes with surface 11.32-737-SR [95]; however, other types of heat exchangers might be considered in different cases. The required steps for sizing the HE are as follows [95][96][97]:…”

Toward TiO2 Nanofluids—Part 2: Applications and Challenges

“…Meanwhile, there are also many attempts that have been made for application of nanofluid, especially in energy systems [8–11]. Due to the enhancement in heat and mass transfer process, TiO 2 nanofluids have been tentatively applied to the fields of solar collectors [12], refrigeration [13–16], energy storage [17, 18], heat pipes [19–21], and other energy applications [22–34], such as car radiator [31], PV/T hybrid system [32, 33], and combined heat and power (CHP) systems [34]. In our previous studies, the heat transfer characteristics of TiO 2 nanofluids in heat conduction, forced convection boiling heat transfer, and natural convection heat transfer have been summarized [35].…”

Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient of Al2O3/water nanofluid at lower concentrations in a car radiator

“…They found that heat transfer calculations for Al 2 O 3 and CuO nanofluids were increased with an increase in volume concentrations of the nanoparticles and average skin friction coefficient also increased compared to the base fluid. Ali and colleagues investigated experimentally the heat transfer performance of an aluminum car radiator by using ZnO–water nanofluid. They found that heat transfer enhancement was greatly dependent on volume concentration and weakly dependent on fluid inlet temperature.…”