Experimental investigation of different simulated formation water salinity in three-phase waxy crude oil-water-gas flow in horizontal pipes

Husein, Norhafizuddin; Ismail, Issham; Boyou, Natalie Vanessa; Mani, Sanjihuen V. Selva; Wong, Zhu Ker; Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Wan

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109160

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, H 2 O also can form hydrates when reacts with hydrocarbons component in the systems. These hydrates can cause disruption to the stream flow as at certain temperature and pressure, it will adhere to the pipeline and by time it can block the pipelines (Anheden et al 2005;Husein et al 2021; International Organisation of Standardisation 2020).…”

Section: Water (H 2 O)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage

Razak

Saaid

Yusof

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Deployment of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies to mitigate climate change and overturn CO2 emissions growth would require transformational changes comprehensively. The primary focus of this manuscript is on the impurities standards and limitation that can ensure project feasibility in the long run. There is a need in the industry for guidance on purity analysis prior to capture, shipment, and storage of carbon dioxide. This is because the cost to capture and separate the stream is proving to be very costly that can make the project to be unfeasible to operate. Following this further, this manuscript discusses the previous research and best practices that establish standards for acceptable impurities that might present in the stream and its effects towards the CCUS system. Consequently, this manuscript also provides better understanding on the impurities effects towards CCUS technology system in general. Understanding these limitations, may provide cost effective solution for CCUS problems that revolves around the impurities in CO2 stream. Impurities can affect some components of the carbon capture and storage process. It is clear that even a little number of impurities can cause the carbon dioxide stream properties to change. There are two primary factors discussed in this manuscript that affect how a CCUS system responds to a CO2 stream that contains impurities: a physical and chemical effects.

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Section: Water (H 2 O)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage

Razak

Saaid

Yusof

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…11 This is further complicated by active aquifers or deep hydrothermal fluids (with high total dissolved solid (TDS)) and can also dramatically affect geochemical characteristics of the fluid. 12,13 The origin and evolution of formation water and the associated relationship with hydrocarbons are topics of great interest to geoscientists over the last 80 years. The geochemical composition of formation water is widely applied to deep basins to determine hydrogeological conditions and strata sealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, chemical reactions such as water–rock interactions, such as dolomitization of calcite and metamorphism of quartz, are also important processes affecting its geochemical composition. , These water–rock interactions usually occur in closed high-temperature and high-pressure environments, and mineral transformation in the formation ensues. , Furthermore, the composition of fluids can change drastically over different geological periods . This is further complicated by active aquifers or deep hydrothermal fluids (with high total dissolved solid (TDS)) and can also dramatically affect geochemical characteristics of the fluid. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indication of Formation Water Geochemistry for Hydrocarbon Preservation: New Applications of Machine Learning in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The migration of formation water plays a crucial role in hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The hydrodynamic field controls the content of various ions in formation water and is an important participant in hydrocarbon evolution. One potential high-yield gas field is the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the northern Tianhuan Depression of the Ordos Basin, China. However, due to the complex gas–water relationship and limited water sample data, the development of gas reservoirs has encountered great difficulties; we thus analyzed the geochemical characteristics of a large scale of formation water acquired from the Permian in the Ordos Basin (60 water samples collected from 45 wells in the He8 Member). The results showed that formation water is the original sedimentary water in tight sandstone reservoirs, which represent a closed hydrological environment, which is conducive to gas accumulation. This is also related to the demonstrated strong water–rock reaction and diagenetic. We also developed a statistical model between these geochemical parameters and gas preservation based on machine learning algorithms (decision trees). Note that machine learning, as a data-driven artificial intelligence algorithm, generates massive correlation models that can learn from the structured training data sets to carry out predictions or evaluations in newly presented data. This algorithm can process large amounts of information data more quickly and can build more perfect correlation models through deep learning mechanisms than traditional statistical methods. The results suggest that the metamorphism coefficient has the best indication effect on the preservation of gas reservoirs. The hydrological environment with (Cl–-Na+)/Mg2+ > 50.066, Na+/Cl– ≤ 0.476, and Ma2+/Ca2+ ≤ 0.102 is a good hydrocarbon accumulation area. This study can be applied, by analogy, to more comprehensively interpret the correlation between the geochemical characteristics of formation water and hydrocarbon storage and to improve the accuracy of predicting favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

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“…According to the data of large gas reservoirs in the world, formation water is generally associated with hydrocarbons and there is no obvious interface; thus, the source of formation water is a very complicated problem, which has not been unified understanding. [4,5]. Actually, the source of formation water is believed to have the following kinds: (1) primary sedimentary water ,(2) meteoric pre-cipitation, (3) deep fluid, and (4) convert water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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The migration path of formation water plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The hydrodynamic field controls the content of various ions in formation water and is an important participant in hydrocarbon evolution. Formation water can basically be used to judge the preservation status of oil/gas reservoirs, especially for carbonate reservoirs; the carbonate reservoirs are a typical example in the Gaoqiao area of the Ordos Basin, China. However, it is not easy to evaluate the sealing and integrity of the gas reservoir because hydrocarbon has experienced a multistage charging process and complicated later reconstruction. The geochemical characteristics of Ordovician formation water (100 brine samples from 67 wells in the Ma5 Member) are studied, and their chemical composition is analyzed in the Ordos Basin. The results show that formation water has high overall salinity and is the original sedimentary water of the carbonate reservoir, which is the sealing reservoir and can promote the accumulation of hydrocarbons. This is also associated with stronger water-rock reactions and diagenetic transformations, such as dolomitization. The main (TDS) range is from 40 to 150 g·L−1, with an average of 66.16 g·L−1; the Cl− content in the formation water samples is the highest, followed by Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42−. In addition, the (Cl−-Na+)/Mg2+ ratio, Na+/Cl− ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and S O 4 2 − × 100 / C l − ratio are closely related to gas preservation. The indication function between chemical parameters of formation water and hydrocarbon dynamics can be better understood in carbonate reservoirs by analogy study, so as to improve the accuracy of discriminating favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas.

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Experimental investigation of different simulated formation water salinity in three-phase waxy crude oil-water-gas flow in horizontal pipes

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage

Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage

Indication of Formation Water Geochemistry for Hydrocarbon Preservation: New Applications of Machine Learning in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

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