Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Response of Compacted Clayey Soils

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the dynamic properties of compacted clayey soils subjected to low amplitude vibration. A fast and simple ultrasonic pulse transmission method was used. Tests were conducted on three clayey soils with low to high plasticity compacted using standard and modified Proctor effort over a range of water contents. The samples were allowed to dry after compaction and P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus were determined. The effects of soil type, compaction conditions, and degree of saturation on the dynamic response of the soils were investigated. The elastic wave velocities and the dynamic shear modulus increased as the soil plasticity decreased. The velocities and the modulus increased and the Poisson's ratio decreased as the degree of saturation decreased due to drying. Generally, the velocities and moduli increased significantly at the early stages of drying with the changes becoming more gradual as drying progressed. Variations were high for soils compacted with low energy and high water content. The shear moduli of the soils were also estimated using a common empirical equation. Suction values obtained for the test soils in a different study were used as effective stresses in the estimation. The estimated shear mod-uli agreed well with the measured values.

Monitoring Seasonal Shear Wave Velocity Changes in the Top 6 m at Garner Valley in Southern California With Borehole Data

“…As the water level rises, fluid pressure reduces the effective stress in the sediments, decreasing the shear modulus more than it increases the mass density, and thus V S decreases (e.g., Li et al., 2018; Mahmoodabadi & Bryson, 2021; West & Menke, 2000). The amount of V S variation in response to pore pressure change highly depends on the soil properties (e.g., porosity) and drying/wetting state (e.g., Inci et al., 2003). Based on laboratory experiments (e.g., Dong & Lu, 2016), Vs variation of silt can range from 1,000 m/s when dry to tens of meters per second when fully saturated.…”

High performance prediction of soil compaction parameters using multi expression programming

“…To develop a prediction model of the soil compaction parameters for a wide range of soil classifications with high precision, 226 soil compaction tests were collected from the literature (Al-Khafaji 1993; Daniel and Wu 1993;Othman and Benson 1993;Shelley and Daniel 1993;Delage et al 1996;Miller et al 2002;Fleureau et al 2003;Inci et al 2003;Lim and Miller 2004;Clariá and Rinaldi 2007;Vassallo et al 2007;Ito and Komine 2008;Shafiee 2008;Taïbi et al 2008;Günaydın 2009;Horpibulsuk et al 2009;Li 2009;Sawangsuriya et al 2009;Agus et al 2010;Akcanca and Aytekin 2012;Millogo et al 2012;Heitor et al 2013;Burton et al 2014;Fox et al 2014;Duong et al 2014 (ASTM 2017). For the soil classification according to ASTM (2017), the investigated soils include lean clay (CL), silty clay (CL-ML), fat clay (CH), elastic silt (MH), silt (ML), clayey sand (SC), poorly graded sand with clay (SP-SC), well-graded sand with clay (SW-SC), silty sand (SM), clayey gravel (GC), poorly graded gravel with clay (GP-GC), well-graded gravel with clay (GW-GC) and silty gravel (GM).…”

Measurement of Small-Strain Shear Moduli of Partially Saturated Sand During Infiltration in a Geotechnical Centrifuge

“…Bender elements have been used extensively for laboratory measurement of G max of saturated and dry soils (Shirley and Hampton 1978;Dyvik and Madshus 1985;Bates et al 1989;Argawal and Ishibashi 1991;Brignoli et al 1996;Arulnathan et al 1998;Pennington et al 2001;Leong et al 2005) as well as partially saturated soils (Cabarkapa et al 1999;Inci et al 2003;Marinho et al 1995;Alramahi et al 2007;Ng and Yung 2008;Sawangsuriya et al 2009, Ng et al 2009. They are typically incorporated into laboratory tests because they induce and measure shear strains with amplitudes less than 10 À4 and are relatively compact in size.…”

“…Concerns such as electromagnetic cross-talk, in-plane and out-of-plane directivity, bender resonant frequency, and effects of reflections from boundaries have also been addressed in laboratory and theoretical studies (Arulnathan et al 1998;Greening and Nash, 2004;Lee and Santamarina 2005;Leong et al 2005). Several studies have used bender elements to study the impacts of matric suction, degree of saturation, and hydraulic hysteresis on the magnitude of G max for partially saturated soils (Cabarkapa et al 1999;Inci et al 2003;Marinho et al 1995;Alramahi et al 2007;Ng and Yung 2008;Hoyos et al 2008;Sawangsuriya et al 2009, Ng et al 2009.…”