Experimental investigation of flexural properties of glass fiber–epoxy self-healable composite structures containing capsulated epoxy healing agent and NiCl₂(imidazole)₄ catalyst

Abstract

In this work, the glass fiber-epoxy self-healable composites containing the capsulated healing agent as smart composite structures were fabricated. Then, the effects of various percentage of capsulated epoxy (7, 14, and 21 wt.%) and different damage forces (400, 500, and 600 N) on the healing ability of composites under the flexural loading were investigated. The obtained results showed that by increasing the percentage of microcapsules, the flexural strength of composites was slightly reduced, whereas the healing ability of those was improved. The full recovery of initial flexural strength was obtained in the composite containing 21 wt.% microcapsules under the damage force of 400 N. By increasing the damage force, the healing ability of composites was reduced, because the damage mechanisms were changed from matrix cracking to fiber breakage. The microscopical investigations on the microcapsules/micro-cracks

Evaluation and Prediction of Self-healing Assessments for AA2014 Based Hybrid Smart Composite Structures: A Novel Fuzzy Logic Approach

“…The design of experiments performed using L8 orthogonal array Taguchi technique was analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) based S/N ratios to observe the most influential parameters affecting the design and performance of self-healing assessments [14,16]. The relation to find the S/N ratio for larger is better is calculated using Equation (6). Using Taguchi orthogonal columns of L8 (4^1 2^3) array technique different experimental run for different fabricated smart structures was carried out.…”

“…The extrinsic healing approach has been adapted for higher melting point processed metals as a healing agent is stored in hollow fibre or tubes, microvascular networks etc. and reinforced in the matrix [3][4][5][6]. The damage control that occurs without the intervention of human effort comes under the category of passive modes.…”

Recent trend in developing advanced fiber metal laminates reinforced with nanoparticles: A review study

“…Using the shape memory alloys [99], fabricating the FMLs with the 3 D fiber-reinforced composites as the core [100], designing the FMLs for using the hygrothermal and cryogenic conditions [101], substituting the synthetic fibers with natural fibers in the FMLs [102], and using the new methods for characterization of features of FMLs like acoustic emission [103] had a remarkable growing rate in the past years. On the other hand, the developing and fabricating the materials with new features like self-healing structures [104,105] and shape memory effect [106] are the interesting subjects for different researchers and industries. Adding the nanoparticles and investigating the simultaneous effect of nanoparticles and the mentioned subjects will be done in the near future, which will be caused to fabricate the new FML structures for new applications.…”

Experimental assessment of adding carbon nanotubes on the impact properties of Kevlar-ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers hybrid composites

“…Nowadays, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are generally used in different industries like automotive, transportation systems, civil engineering, marine industries, etc. [1][2][3]. Due to their applications in various industries, the different loading conditions are applied on the FRPs [4].…”