Experimental Investigation of Golf Driver Club Head Drag Reduction Through the use of Aerodynamic Features on the Driver Crown

Henrikson, Erik; Wood, Paul; Hart, John

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.123

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The modelled dynamic loft, droop, and clubhead speed at impact were found to be within 10% of the experimental results [32]. The clubhead aerodynamics were compared to experimental data from [6] and found to be in good agreement with the modelled drag force peaking at 6 N compared to wind tunnel measurements of 6.5 N to 9 N.…”

Section: Validationsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Recently, several golf club companies have claimed that they are able to reduce the drag on their clubheads through the addition of small turbulators and other features that change the way the airflow affects the club [6]. To account for aerodynamic effects, drag on the clubhead is included in the model using the standard drag equation:…”

Section: Club Aerodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A three-dimensional forward dynamic model of the golf swing optimized for ball carry distance

2016

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A 3D predictive golfer model can be a valuable tool for investigating the golf swing and designing new clubs. A forward dynamic model, which includes a four degree of freedom golfer model, a flexible shaft based on Rayleigh beam theory, an impulse-momentum impact model and a spin rate dependent aerodynamic ball model, is presented. The input torques for the golfer model are provided by parameterized joint torque generators that have been designed to mimic muscle torque production. These joint torques are optimized to create swings and launch conditions that maximize carry distance. The flexible shaft model allows for continuous bending in the transverse directions, axial twisting of the club and variable shaft stiffness as a function of the length. The completed four-part model with the default parameters is used to estimate the ball carry of a golf swing using a particular club. This model will be useful for experimenting with club design parameters to predict their effect on the ball trajectory and carry distance.

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Section: Validationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Club Aerodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional forward dynamic model of the golf swing optimized for ball carry distance

2016

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“…This is a common approach in golf club design. 6 The speeds of interest are from 80 mph (average golfer) to 130 mph (long drive professional). 16 This is a wide range of velocities, however it will be shown that the aerodynamic behavior is Reynolds number independent.…”

Section: Iiia Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggest that the distance of the drive will increase by two to three yards for every increase in one mph. 6 The club head can be increased by improving swing mechanics (e.g. golfer improves golf swing) or by improving the efficiency of the equipment in which this paper will focus on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Optimization of a Golf Driver Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Neitzel

Hanquist

2017

55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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Driving distance and accuracy are the two key characteristics to an ideal golf drive. Besides having correct swing mechanics, there are numerous approaches that have been advanced to improve driver distance and accuracy, including driver shape, size, and material throughout the history of golf. Currently, with strict equipment conformity regulations from the United States Golf Association (USGA), the shape of the golf driver is greatly bounded, resulting in designs with marked improvements in design performance becoming less common. The required blunt body shape of the golf driver leads itself to be highly affected by aerodynamic forces, specifically pressure and viscous drag. Although the general shape of the golf driver head is greatly defined, small changes in shape can affect the aerodynamics significantly. This paper focusing on using Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to reduce the aerodynamic drag while also increasing the yaw stability of the golf driver. Results include a characterization of the flowfield experienced during a golf swing as well as the drag analysis of a generic driver. The adjoint method is used to identify surfaces on the driver that are most sensitive to drag. Finally, an optimization approach is discussed to create a low-drag, stable driver with design constraints such as USGA conformity and other parameters important to driver design such as a low center-of-mass and high moment-of-inertia. Nomenclature C D Drag Coefficient J Objective p Pressure ρ Density τ Shear Stresses − → u Velocity vector V Volume [cubic centimeters] x Design Variables

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“…Generally, golf players only know the techniques used in the game without knowing the golf sticks response that occurs when hitting the ball (Henrikson, Wood, & Hart, 2014). The response in this study is stress and strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Strength of a Wooden Golf Stick

Darianto

Umroh

Amrinsyah

et al. 2018

JMEMME

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In general, golf players only know the techniques used in Golf games, but do not know the golf sticks response that occurs when the ball is hit. Referred to as response is the stress and strain that arises from the impact load that occurs when the hitting member touches the ball. The objectives of this research are: (a) to analyze golf sticks response when impact occurs, and (2) to know the stress distribution that occurs in golf sticks. The golf stick design in this study uses the autodesk inventor software. The material used is Titanium for head stick and Graphite for stick rod. The basic principle of this study is based on simple swing pendulum method. The variables that will be used for simulation are: swing speed, that is difference between start and end speed, that is Δv = 272,2 m / s, impact time, which is the time when the ball touches the batter Δt = 0.0005 seconds, the volume of the head of the stick Vo = 96,727 mm3, the cross-sectional area of the stick A = 63,504 mm2, the head mass of the sticks ρ = 4620 kg / m3, and the modulus of titanium elasticity 9.6 e +10 Pa. From the simulation result on the surface of the golf club hitter is obtained as follows: σmax = 2.1231e +10 Pa at 1.231e-06 s, emax = 0.22115 m / m at 1.231e-06 s, and the maximum stress and strain is located in the area the connection between the stick and the head of the stick.

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Experimental Investigation of Golf Driver Club Head Drag Reduction Through the use of Aerodynamic Features on the Driver Crown

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

A three-dimensional forward dynamic model of the golf swing optimized for ball carry distance

A three-dimensional forward dynamic model of the golf swing optimized for ball carry distance

Aerodynamic Optimization of a Golf Driver Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Strength of a Wooden Golf Stick

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