Peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery rely on the chemical, physical, and structural properties of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). However, the limited support for long‐distance nerve regeneration and axonal guidance has hindered the widespread use of NGCs. This study introduces a novel nerve guidance conduit with oriented lateral walls, incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within core‐shell fibers to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The conduit was created using a modified rotating drum electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technique, providing coaxial fibers and lateral walls in a single step with exceptional stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, significantly enhancing the functionality of NGCs. In vitro cell studies revealed that RSC96 cells adhered and proliferated effectively along the oriented fibers, demonstrating a favorable response to the distinctive architectures and properties. Subsequently, using a rat sciatic nerve injury model, animal studies demonstrated the effective efficacy in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Tissue analysis and functional testing of the regenerated nerves highlighted the significant impact of MWCNT concentration in enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration and confirming well‐matured aligned axonal growth, muscle recovery, and higher densities of myelinated axons. These findings show the potential of oriented lateral architectures with coaxial MWCNT fibers as a promising approach to support long‐distance regeneration and encourage directional nerve growth for peripheral nerve repair in clinical applicationss.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved