Experimental investigation of intra-tow fluid storage mechanisms in dual-scale fiber reinforcements

Imbert, Mathieu; Comas-Cardona, Sébastien; Abisset-Chavanne, Emmanuelle; Prono, David

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.12.015

Cited by 10 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Only mesoscopic flows were considered here in the numerical simulations. Another interesting application would consist of simulating dual‐scale flows through fibrous reinforcements . Moreover, by combining material twins with multiscale models (see References , for example), advanced and automated computer simulations taking into account the mesostructure of fibrous reinforcements could be carried out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another interesting application would consist of simulating dual-scale flows through fibrous reinforcements. [24][25][26][27][28] Moreover, by combining material twins with multiscale models (see References [55,56], for example), advanced and automated computer simulations taking into account the mesostructure of fibrous reinforcements could be carried out. Finally, using material twins to predict the mechanical behavior of textiles in compression and shear in composite manufacturing are other research topics that can provide useful information for high-performance composite applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides nesting, the transverse permeability of fabrics can also be affected by other factors, such as the deformation of fiber tows resulting from flow-induced compaction, [9,20,21] reinforcement distortions, [22,23] and dual-scale flow. [24][25][26][27][28] Affected by these factors and also the intrinsic features of different fabrics, such as the material and the woven pattern, the range of saturated transverse permeability can be very large, which generally varies from 10 −10 m 2 ( [14,18,[29][30][31] ), 10 −11 m 2 ( [12,13,19,32] ) to 10 −12 m 2 or even lower ( [9][10][11]20,33] ). No standard procedure has yet been proven to measure the saturated transverse permeability of fibrous reinforcements.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Numerical and experimental investigation of saturated transverse permeability of 2D woven glass fabrics based on material twins

Huang

Causse

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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The transverse permeability of fibrous reinforcement is one of the critical parameters that govern fabrication efficiency and production quality in several liquid composite molding process variants devised to achieve transverse impregnation of fibrous reinforcements. It is difficult to precisely measure and predict the transverse permeability, because it is simultaneously affected by diverse factors, for example, the geometric features of the test mold, nesting between fabric layers, and flow‐induced compaction of the fiber bed. In this article, the saturated transverse permeability of 2D woven glass fabrics is investigated using information provided by mesostructural geometric models reproducing the real textile architecture. These models are created by micro‐CT aided geometric modeling, a recently proposed technique to analyze three‐dimensional images obtained by X‐ray microtomography. They are called “material twins” because they reproduce with assessed accuracy the geometrical configuration of the textile preform, are representative of material variability, and allow performing numerical simulations of flow or mechanical properties. Computer simulations of steady state transverse flows in material twins were carried out to evaluate the transverse permeability and compared to experiments. Issues concerning material variability due to nesting and the accuracy of transverse permeability measurements were considered and discussed. A good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental values of transverse permeability. Both approaches show a significant influence of the number of layers considered, which can be explained by nesting between adjacent plies. Numerical simulations also illustrate how nesting significantly affects material variability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and experimental investigation of saturated transverse permeability of 2D woven glass fabrics based on material twins

Huang

Causse

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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“…In Imbert 6 and Imbert et al., 8 the mechanisms of intra-tow storage and release have been studied in a quantitative manner. Three different types of textiles (Figure 2) have been investigated at various FVFs and for various fiber orientations with respect to the flow direction.…”

Section: Experimental Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of the right formulation for this sink/source term as well as its calibration should be enabled by the use of the quantitative experimental results obtained in Imbert 6 and Imbert et al. 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of intra-tow release/storage mechanisms in reactive dual-scale flow numerical simulations

Imbert

Comas-Cardona

Abisset-Chavanne

et al. 2018

Journal of Composite Materials

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Classical dual-scale reactive simulations of the RTM process assume permanent intra-tow resin storage in the saturated domain. However, recent experimental investigations revealed that permanent storage is occurring only in a limited volume of the tows. In the remaining volume, fluid is released in the channels with a rate that depends on the architecture of the textile and on the fiber volume fraction. Based on experimental observations, a new model is proposed to refine the simulation of the high speed reactive RTM process: a simplified microstructural model is used to enable permanent and partial transient storage within the tows. Additionally, a new sink term is proposed to reproduce the kinetics of the convective tow-channel fluid exchanges in the saturated domain. After a state of the art on dual-scale and reactive flow, the experimental inputs of the study are presented. The new model is then introduced, validated and characterized using the experimental inputs. Additionally, the influence of the release mechanisms on a reactive dual-scale injection is estimated by conducting comparative single-scale, and dual-scale simulations with transient or permanent storage. The new model has been demonstrated to be appropriate to reproduce accurately the release mechanisms, and simulations reveal the interest of taking these release mechanisms into account to simulate reactive dual-scale injections with an increased accuracy.

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Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

et al. 2021

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This study investigates the experimental filtration of micron-scale particles of a wide granulometry through fibrous media. The method used examines a key parameter in the resin transfer molding process which is the spatial evolution of particulate filler concentration. Tests were carried out with three grades of ceramic microparticle suspensions dispersed in glycerol/water blends, injected into a quasi-unidirectional fibrous medium. The influence of process parameters was extensively studied through a series of experiments by varying initial concentrations of suspension, injection pressures, pure liquid viscosities, fiber volume fractions, and particle size distributions. A non-destructive, simple, economical, and rapid characterization method was used, which consisted of taking samples of suspensions at different points through the preform length and obtaining concentrations through density measurements. The evolution of granulometry from the inlet to the outlet was studied and the size range of retained particles was deduced. Tests revealed that the particle concentration decreased with increased sampling distance. Fiber content and particle size distribution were the most influential factors on filtration behavior. The analysis showed that the smaller-sized particles are largely deposited at the fiber's surface, while the average-to large-sized ones were either blocked at the inlet, transported to the outlet, or settled under gravitational forces.

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Experimental investigation of intra-tow fluid storage mechanisms in dual-scale fiber reinforcements

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical and experimental investigation of saturated transverse permeability of 2D woven glass fabrics based on material twins

Numerical and experimental investigation of saturated transverse permeability of 2D woven glass fabrics based on material twins

Introduction of intra-tow release/storage mechanisms in reactive dual-scale flow numerical simulations

Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

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