Experimental Investigation of Light-Medium Load Operating Sensitivity in a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Light-Duty Diesel Engine

Loeper, Paul; Ra, Youngchul; Adams, Cory; Foster, David E.; Ghandhi, J. B.; Andrie, Michael; Krieger, Roger; Durrett, Russell

doi:10.4271/2013-01-0896

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Subsequent direct injections occur during the compression stroke to create slight levels of fuel stratification in an attempt to create sequential autoignition events while maintaining ultra-low NOx and soot emissions. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] MFS increases the stratification level by reducing to the amount of premixed fuel and typically features all direct injections during the compression stroke. In addition, MFS strategies typically feature a fuel injection event near top dead center (TDC) of the compression stroke to trigger combustion.…”

Section: Fuel Stratification Levels For Ltgcimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Dempsey

Curran

Wagner

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

140

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Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, sufficient mixing time between the fuel and air in a globally dilute environment is required, thereby avoiding fuel-rich regions and reducing peak combustion temperatures, which significantly reduces soot and NOx formation, respectively. It has been demonstrated that achieving low temperature combustion with diesel fuel over a wide range of conditions is difficult because of its properties, namely, low volatility and high chemical reactivity. On the contrary, gasoline has a high volatility and low chemical reactivity, meaning it is easier to achieve the amount of premixing time required prior to autoignition to achieve low temperature combustion. In order to achieve low temperature combustion while meeting other constraints, such as low pressure rise rates and maintaining control over the timing of combustion, in-cylinder fuel stratification has been widely investigated for gasoline low temperature combustion engines. The level of fuel stratification is, in reality, a continuum ranging from fully premixed (i.e. homogeneous charge of fuel and air) to heavily stratified, heterogeneous operation, such as diesel combustion. However, to illustrate the impact of fuel stratification on gasoline compression ignition, the authors have identified three representative operating strategies: partial, moderate, and heavy fuel stratification. Thus, this article provides an overview and perspective of the current research efforts to develop engine operating strategies for achieving gasoline low temperature combustion in a compression ignition engine via fuel stratification. In this study, computational fluid dynamics modeling of the in-cylinder processes during the closed valve portion of the cycle was used to illustrate the opportunities and challenges associated with the various fuel stratification levels.

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Section: Fuel Stratification Levels For Ltgcimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 On the contrary, diesel fuels are highly reactive due to the long, saturated molecular structures (i.e. carbon number in the range of [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and thus autoignite readily, making it difficult to achieve LTC.…”

Section: Ltc Operability and Fuel Properties: Gasoline And Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Dempsey

Curran

Wagner

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Gasoline compression ignition is a novel concept of ignition that belongs to the wider classification of LTC approaches. In this method, a poor reactivity fuel with high volatility, for example gasoline, is burned perfectly by using pressurized conditions [4,20,31,35,45,46]. The throttle-less, lean, and low-temperature combustion operation can lead GCI to achieve the same or better efficiencies than CI engines.…”

Section: Gci Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another experimental investigation of a GCI engine has been conducted by Loeper et al [46], to study the light to medium load operating sensitivity. The results revealed that input parameters can be used to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions below 600 g/kg-f with appropriate stability of combustion which is COV of IMEP below 3%, through a large intake temperature range.…”

Section: Engines With Gasoline Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets

Putrasari

2019

Energies

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Efforts have been made to develop efficient and alternative powertrains for internal combustion engines including combustion at low-temperature (LTC) concepts. LTC has been widely studied as a novel combustion mode that offers the possibility to minimize both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) via enhanced air-fuel mixing and intake charge dilution, resulting in lower peak combustion temperatures. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a new ignition method related to the extensive classification of combustion at low-temperature approaches. In this method of ignition, a fuel with high evaporation characteristics and low autoignition sensitivity, for instance gasoline, is burned in a high pressure process. Despite many research efforts, there are still many challenges related with GCI performance for compression ignition (CI) engines. Unstable combustion for idle- to low-load operation was observed because of the low reactivity characteristics of gasoline, and this will affect the efficiency and emissions of the engine. This paper contributes a detailed review of several topics associated with GCI engines and the effort to improve its efficiency and emissions, including its potential when using gasoline-biodiesel blends. Some recommendations are proposed to encourage GCI engines improvement and development in the near future.

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“…PPC can also be achieved through utilization of late injections of a single, low-reactivity fuel and EGR reduction. [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] This combustion strategy has been recognized in the literature with different names using diesel fuel, including modulated kinetics (MK) introduced by Kimura et al 73 and uniform bulky combustion system (UNIBUS) introduced by Hasegawa and Yanagihara. 74 Kalghatgi et al 75 compared gasoline and diesel fuels in a single-cylinder heavy-duty (HD) research engine for various start of injection (SOI) timings, EGR rates and loads.…”

Section: Ppcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines

Paykani

Kakaee

Rahnama

et al. 2015

International Journal of Engine Research

174

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Low-temperature combustion is an emerging engine technology that has the ability to yield low NO x and soot emissions while maintaining high fuel efficiency. Low-temperature combustion strategies include homogeneous charge compression ignition, premixed charge compression ignition, reactivity-controlled compression ignition and partially premixed combustion. These low-temperature combustion strategies use early fuel injections to allow sufficient time for air-fuel mixing before combustion. According to the literature, some low-temperature combustion strategies are not promising for future automotive and power generation applications due to difficulties in controlling the heat release rate and the lack of a combustion phasing control mechanism. To mitigate these problems, the reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion concept was introduced. Reactivity-controlled compression ignition is a dual-fuel partially premixed combustion concept, which uses port fuel injection of a low-reactivity fuel (e.g. gasoline, natural gas and alcohol fuels) and direct injection of a high-reactivity fuel (e.g. diesel and biodiesel) with blending inside the combustion chamber to increase the combustion duration and to provide phasing control. Combustion phasing is controlled by the relative ratios of the two fuels, and the combustion duration is controlled by spatial stratification between the two fuels. This article begins by an overview of the different low-temperature combustion strategies and demonstrates some advantages of reactivitycontrolled compression ignition, over homogeneous charge compression ignition and premixed charge compression ignition combustion strategies in regard to fuel flexibility and combustion controllability. A comprehensive review of recent research on various aspects of reactivity-controlled compression ignition and comparisons of thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions over conventional diesel combustion is also presented. This article presents the significance of reactivity-controlled compression ignition strategy as a promising solution for future automotive engines and discusses future research directions.

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Experimental Investigation of Light-Medium Load Operating Sensitivity in a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Light-Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets

Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines

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