Experimental Investigation of Lime Treated Palm Kernel Shell and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Cement Respectively in Concrete

Abstract

This experimental research is focused on the effect of concrete made by incorporating lime treated Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) & Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as partial replacements of coarse aggregates and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) respectively. An experimental analysis for concrete grade 30 with a mix design ratio of 1:1.97:3.71 of cement:fine aggregates:coarse aggregates with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.5, was used. Physical tests such as workability on fresh concrete and water absorption on hardened concrete of each batch were carried out. Mechanical tests like compressive strength and split tensile strength were carried out on hardened concrete cubes (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) and cylinders (100 mm × 200 mm) at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of using up 15% of lime treated PKS and 10% of SCBA for production of structural concrete.

Assessment of Workability and Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash-Blended Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

“…However, further increase in PKS led to higher reduction in concrete strength. These results agree with the findings from previous studies (Philips et al, 2017;Djima et al, 2018) on PKSC containing RHA and sugarcane bagasse ash. PKS has a lower bulk density and specific gravity but higher porosity than NWA.…”

Review on Alternatives of Aggregates with Alternative Materials in Eastern Africa

“…Lower density, using of pumice or scoria as coarse aggregate was possible due to insufficient compaction or variation in empirical mix design formulae [13]. Lower weight of mixes with Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) partial replacement of coarse aggregate was possibly due to lower specific gravity of PKS [14,15], lower compaction [14] and lead to porous concrete [14].…”

“…According to [12] study using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as coarse and fine aggregate partial replacement, decrease slump could be due to absorption of water by fine dust around the RAP and water could have been controlled by RAP particles, and possibly not able to move freely. Study on PKS as partial replacement of coarse aggregate, workability reduction, with increase in PKS amount was possibly due to absorptive value or use of finer PKS [14,15] and reduced workability could have resulted to lower compaction and superplasticizers (SP's) usage to improve workability was recommended [14]. Slump loss increase, with increase in proportion of sawdust as fine aggregate indicated increasing sawdust retard hydration cement reaction, possibility due to lignin in sawdust [10].…”

“…Lower workability with increasing PKS as coarse aggregate and lower compaction possibly cause strength reduction [14]. According to [15], reduced tensile strength with partial replacement of PKS as coarse aggregate may have been due to poor compaction and increased surface area of lime treated PKS.…”

“…85%) and the structural properties could support its application as low cost filler for building or roadworks material [14]. used PKS from Buggala Island-Ugandu, having specific gravity of 1.4, bulk density of 582.982kg/m 3 and Aggregate crushing value (ACV) of 2.15%, with Normal Weight Aggregate(NWA) and fine aggregates had specific gravities of 2.58 & 2.44 respectively, bulk densities of 1366.23kg/m 3 and 1665kg/m 3 respectively and ACV of 17.42% for NWA [15]. study indicated specific gravities of 1.09 and 1.01, bulk densities of 553.81kg/m 3 and 554.51kg/m 3 , water absorptions of 35.64% and 30.41%, ACV values of 5.37% and 5.43%, and Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) values of 6.51% and 6.77% for untreated and treated PKS respectively [16].…”