Experimental Investigation of Limiting Curves for Current Interruption of Gas Blast Breakers

Frind, G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1685-6_3

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These simulations confirm earlier experiments in a smaller pressure range, where the exponent was determined to be α exp = 0.35-0.5 [23]. In the simulations it is much easier to vary only one parameter at a time, just in contrast to the experiments where it is extremely difficult to derive such a scaling law.…”

Section: Pressure Scaling Lawsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It was shown that the simulation in the time range of some 10-100 µs before CZ is quasi-stationary and the results directly at CZ are not influenced by choosing initial stationary conditions between 100 µs and 50 µs. This numerical result has also been observed in experiments [23]. After CZ, the transient recovery voltage is applied to the contacts and stresses the remaining hot gas.…”

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The shape of the nozzle is designed in a way that the arc is blown in two directions (dual flow), and the flow has a stagnation point opposite the heating channel exit. The blow gas pressure at CZ and its condition together with the current waveform determines the successful or failed interruption [23]. The outflow of gas from the heating volume and the pressure drop between flow reversal and CZ is inevitable but reduces the interrupting pressure.…”

Section: Pressure Build-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

Franck

Seeger

2006

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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This paper reports on the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to predict the interruption behaviour of high-voltage circuit breakers (HV-CB) using the self-blast principle. Two different levels of accuracy of the arc model are proven to be sufficiently accurate for simulating the high-current phase and the period around current zero (CZ). For the high-current phase, a simplified equivalent model of the arc is implemented to predict the pressure build-up, and even more important to accurately trace the hot gas from the arcing zone into the exhausts and the heating volume. A detailed analysis of the gas mixing in the heating volume for different arcing times and current amplitudes showed the optimum geometrical design of the heating volume. For the CZ phase, a more detailed arc model is needed including the effects of ohmic heating, radiative energy transfer, and turbulent cooling fully resolved in space and time. The validation with experiments was done and shows good agreement which justifies the use of the implemented model. With it, scaling laws varying only one parameter at a time (pressure and applied current slope) were derived and confirm previously found empirical laws. This is of particular interest, as it is very difficult to derive such scaling laws from experiments where the scatter is always very large and where it is impossible to vary only one parameter at a time. The influence of the most important geometrical parameters of the nozzle on the interruption performance is shown. In addition to previous experimental indications of this, the simulation reveals that turbulent cooling on the arc edge is the main reason for the difference in interruption performance. Moreover, the exact spatio-temporal build-up of arc resistance and with it the detailed understanding of the arc interruption process is possible and shown here for the first time. These simulations enable us to predict HV-CB performance and to minimise the number of development tests and are routinely used in new development projects.

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Section: Pressure Scaling Lawsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Pressure Build-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

Franck

Seeger

2006

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…By introducing a sufficiently large air gap in the core, a trade‐off between high non‐saturated inductance and high saturation current can be found. In this case, a

normalΔ t

25 μ s

is aimed for based on findings in [32] (high voltage GCB), leading to a saturation current of 206 A and a non‐saturated inductance of 36.6 mH. To investigate the maximum occurring stresses at interruption, the MCB is modelled by an ideal switch.…”

Section: Simulation Of Improved Current Injection Circuit Breakers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving interruption performance of mechanical circuit breakers by controlling pre‐current‐zero wave shape

et al. 2019

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Mechanical circuit breakers (MCBs) are the limiting component for current injection HVDC circuit breakers. Improving their interruption performance reduces requirements for capacitance and inductance needed in the injection circuit and thus space use and costs. Higher performance can be achieved by creating a period of low current gradient before zero crossing in the MCB, e.g. by using a saturable inductor (SI). In this paper, the impact of duration and steepness during the low currentgradient phase is linked to arc parameters of the investigated model gas circuit breaker. It is shown in a scaled experimental setup that an optimum design of the SI can be derived from arc time constant and interruption limits for constant current gradients. This optimisation results in a considerable increase of interruption performance. The feasibility of implementing an SI in a full-scale HVDC circuit breaker is demonstrated using simulations. Using an improved injection scheme, the stresses for the MCB can be reduced significantly. Consequently, the injection circuit components can be scaled down, making the topology more economical. The reduced interruption requirements might also make it possible to use a single gas interrupter instead of a series connection of vacuum interrupters, reducing the complexity of the mechanical switch.

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“…To compensate for the influence of pressure the following scaling law was used: dI/dt interruption limit, Z=const p upstream pressure at current zero This law was found by various authors (e.g. [9]) and could also be verified by direct evaluation of clear/fail results of our own tests.…”

Section: E Comparison Of Interruption Limits Of the Same Breaker Calmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of integral arc models in circuit breaker testing and development

Widl

Kirchesch

Egli

1988

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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The extended Mayr-equation of the electric arc was used to develop an evaluation technique, which allows the determination of the relevant arc parameters separately for each single short line fault(SLF) test. Thus it is possible to calculate the results expected from these tests under changed circuit conditions. The main advantage is a multiplication of the information gained from the tests. Special care was taken to choose measurement and calculation methods which are sufficiently robust for application in power tests. Only the arc voltage before current zero, the applied inherent dI/dt and the circuit elements are needed as input data. The validity of the technique was tested by a sensitivity analysis and several comparisons between calculated and measured results. The method is already routinely applied for fullscale SF6 breaker testing and development in our high power testing plant.

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Experimental Investigation of Limiting Curves for Current Interruption of Gas Blast Breakers

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

Improving interruption performance of mechanical circuit breakers by controlling pre‐current‐zero wave shape

Use of integral arc models in circuit breaker testing and development

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