Experimental investigation of nitrogen species release from different solid biomass fuels as a basis for release models

Stubenberger, Gerhard; Scharler, Robert; Zahirovic, Selma; Obernberger, Ingwald

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.034

Cited by 102 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Especially for fixed-bed updraft gasification this process is not yet fully understood [37]. The first problem is that during biomass gasification and biomass combustion more ammonia is formed than hydrogen cyanide [37,38]. The second point is the presence of tar.…”

Section: No Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Low-Calorific Waste Biomass Syngas

Kwiatkowski

Dudyński

Bajer

2013

Flow Turbulence Combust

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The industrial combustion chamber designed for burning low-calorific syngas from gasification of waste biomass is presented. For two different gases derived from gasification of waste wood chips and turkey feathers the non-premixed turbulent combustion in the chamber is simulated. It follows from our computations that for stable process the initial temperature of these fuels must be at least 800 K, with comparable influx of air and fuel. The numerical simulations reveal existence of the characteristic frequency of the process which is later observed in high-speed camera recordings from the industrial gasification plant where the combustion chamber operates. The analysis of NO formation and emission shows a difference between wood-derived syngas combustion, where thermal path is prominent, and feathersderived fuel. In the latter case thermal, prompt and N 2 O paths of nitric oxides formation are marginal and the dominant source of NO is fuel-bound nitrogen.

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Section: No Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Low-Calorific Waste Biomass Syngas

Kwiatkowski

Dudyński

Bajer

2013

Flow Turbulence Combust

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“…Second, the introduction of alternative transportation fuels such as biodiesel has led to the re-evaluation of NO x formation [5], given that different fuel structures entail a different reactive species mix. Third, from the nitrogen content in solid biomass and in related matter, including agricultural waste, a diverse spectrum of volatile and heterogeneously fixed nitrogen-containing compounds can be expected, complicating the prediction of fuel-bound nitrogen conversion [6][7][8][9]. Finally, nitrogen conversion is being investigated regarding novel combustion strategies for power generation such as oxy-fuel combustion of coal and/or biomass [10][11][12], also requiring reevaluation of the pathways towards small nitrogen compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Lucassen

Zhang

Warkentin

et al. 2012

Combustion and Flame

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Laminar premixed flames of the two smallest isomeric amines, dimethylamine and ethylamine, were investigated under one-dimensional low-pressure (40 mbar) conditions with the aim to elucidate pathways that may contribute to fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of biomass. For this, identical flames of both fuels diluted with 25% Ar were 2 studied for three different stoichiometries (Φ=0.8, 1.0, and 1.3) using in situ molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). Quantitative mole fractions of reactants, products and numerous stable and reactive intermediates were determined by electron ionization (EI) MBMS with high mass resolution to separate overlapping features from species with different heavy elements by exact mass. Species assignment was assisted by using single-photon vacuum- We attempted to analyze the major pathways in the two flames with a detailed combustion model developed for this purpose. For this, thermochemical values for a number of intermediates had to be determined from quantum chemistry calculations. Also, specific sets of reactions were incorporated for the two fuels. While many trends seen in the experiments can be successfully reproduced by the simulations, additional efforts may be needed to reliably describe the fuel-nitrogen chemistry in the combustion of biomass-related model fuels with amine functions.

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“…In addition, thermal NO x formation becomes important at temperatures above 1400 °C, which is far from the typical temperature range (800-1200 °C) of biomass combustion systems [16,23,24]. Experimental investigations are needed to characterize the release of nitrogen containing species from different solid biomass fuels to establish input for CFD modeling studies [25]. Figure 1 shows the conversion path for fuel-nitrogen in a conventional biomass combustion system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on NOx Reduction by Primary Measures in Biomass Combustion: Straw, Peat, Sewage Sludge, Forest Residues and Wood Pellets

2012

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An experimental investigation was carried out to study the NO x formation and reduction by primary measures for five types of biomass (straw, peat, sewage sludge, forest residues/Grot, and wood pellets) and their mixtures. To minimize the NO x level in biomass-fired boilers, combustion experiments were performed in a laboratory scale multifuel fixed grate reactor using staged air combustion. Flue gas was extracted to measure final levels of CO, CO 2 , C x H y , O 2 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, and other species. The fuel gas compositions between the first and second stage were also monitored. The experiments showed good combustion quality with very low concentrations of unburnt species in the flue gas. Under optimum conditions, a NO x reduction of 50-80% was achieved, where the highest reduction represents the case with the highest fuel-N content. The NO x emission levels were very sensitive to the primary excess air ratio and an optimum value for primary excess air ratio was seen at about 0.9. Conversion of fuel nitrogen to NO x showed great dependency on the initial fuel-N content, where the blend with the highest nitrogen content had lowest conversion rate. Between 1-25% of the fuel-N content is converted to NO x depending on the fuel blend and excess air ratio. Sewage sludge is suggested as a favorable fuel to be blended with straw. It resulted in a higher NO x reduction and low fuel-N conversion to NO x . Tops and branches did not show desirable NO x reduction and made the combustion also more unstable. N 2 O emissions were very low, typically below 5 ppm at 11% O 2 in the dry flue gas, except for mixtures with high nitrogen content, where values up to 20 ppm were observed. The presented results are part of a larger study on OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 271 problematic fuels, also considering ash content and corrosive compounds which have been discussed elsewhere.

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Experimental investigation of nitrogen species release from different solid biomass fuels as a basis for release models

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

Combustion of Low-Calorific Waste Biomass Syngas

Combustion of Low-Calorific Waste Biomass Syngas

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Experimental Investigation on NOx Reduction by Primary Measures in Biomass Combustion: Straw, Peat, Sewage Sludge, Forest Residues and Wood Pellets

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