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Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is essential for shaping and cutting tool steel. EDM’s precision in machining difficult materials and tool steel characteristics are well known. EDM efficiency requires reliable performance measurement parameters. The physical shape and mobility of the electrode tool are critical in EDM research. Layer machining is an advanced method that removes material in a sequential manner to produce intricate 3D shapes in tool steel and several other materials. The improvement in layer machining methods with precise toolpath algorithms, adaptive layer thickness management, and real-time monitoring systems is required to maximize precision and efficiency. Response surface methodology, the artificial neural network, and other techniques are necessary to optimize EDM operations and maximize performance. Many researchers experimented with electrode shapes and movement patterns to enhance the removal of material and the quality of surfaces. Investigation of complex electrode structures and innovative tool path strategies has been performed in previous studies. It was very difficult to consider various factors during the EDM operation; hence, the present review summarizes the positive outcomes of previous research. The review emphasizes optimizing pulse duration and discharge current to improve EDM efficiency. The present comprehensive review discusses research on EDM in three main areas: electrode tool geometry and motion, tool steel layer processing, and factors for measuring EDM performance. The objective of the present review is to focus on measuring material removal rates, surface roughness, tool wear, and energy usage. The present review concludes that EDM is crucial to machining tool steel and cutting tool materials. Integrating and hybrid machining technologies can improve performance, and improved optimization techniques are crucial. It also recognizes knowledge gaps and explores new frontiers in this dynamic field.
Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is essential for shaping and cutting tool steel. EDM’s precision in machining difficult materials and tool steel characteristics are well known. EDM efficiency requires reliable performance measurement parameters. The physical shape and mobility of the electrode tool are critical in EDM research. Layer machining is an advanced method that removes material in a sequential manner to produce intricate 3D shapes in tool steel and several other materials. The improvement in layer machining methods with precise toolpath algorithms, adaptive layer thickness management, and real-time monitoring systems is required to maximize precision and efficiency. Response surface methodology, the artificial neural network, and other techniques are necessary to optimize EDM operations and maximize performance. Many researchers experimented with electrode shapes and movement patterns to enhance the removal of material and the quality of surfaces. Investigation of complex electrode structures and innovative tool path strategies has been performed in previous studies. It was very difficult to consider various factors during the EDM operation; hence, the present review summarizes the positive outcomes of previous research. The review emphasizes optimizing pulse duration and discharge current to improve EDM efficiency. The present comprehensive review discusses research on EDM in three main areas: electrode tool geometry and motion, tool steel layer processing, and factors for measuring EDM performance. The objective of the present review is to focus on measuring material removal rates, surface roughness, tool wear, and energy usage. The present review concludes that EDM is crucial to machining tool steel and cutting tool materials. Integrating and hybrid machining technologies can improve performance, and improved optimization techniques are crucial. It also recognizes knowledge gaps and explores new frontiers in this dynamic field.
Ni-based superalloys fall under the category of difficulty in machining type material owing to their poor thermal conductivity and high strength at extreme temperatures. Machining such materials using the traditional approach is a tremendously difficult task. On the other hand, EDM, one of the most sophisticated electro-thermal manufacturing processes, is used to machine such materials. It is a well-known non-traditional machining process for generating parts that require accuracy, have complex shapes, and are small in size. However, the use of EDM in Ni-based superalloys has some disadvantages like poor surface finish and low material removal rate. So, to alleviate these disadvantages, researchers introduced powder mixed dielectric fluid in the EDM process. Further, the performance of this technique has been enhanced by studying the effect of various nano/micro-size particles and their concentrations in the dielectric medium. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the impact of non-electrical and electrical process parameters on the output responses when machining Ni-based superalloys using powder mixed EDM. The challenges faced during the conventional machining of Ni-based superalloys and the mechanism proposed for powder mixed EDM, especially under the influence of suspended powders into the dielectric medium have also been presented in this paper. Finally, future research areas of powder mixed EDM of Ni-based Superalloys, such as (i) its modelling and simulation and (ii) the effect of tool motion and powder properties on its performance, are discussed in brief.
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