Experimental investigation of scaling control by a non-phosphorous polymer: polyaspartic acid

Effects of carboxylic polyelectrolytes on the growth of calcium carbonate

“…The production of hydroxyl ions in the vicinity of the electrode has been shown to increase the local pH [39] by inducing the precipitation of calcium carbonate according to a two-step chemical reaction: The interfacial pH during the reduction of dissolved oxygen in a submerged impinging jet cell has already been measured by Deslouis et al [41]. For the two plateaus of oxygen reduction, the values were 10.4 and 10.7, very close to the calculated ones of 10.36 and 10.66.…”

“…X-ray diffraction after the tests gives complementary information. This research completes a preliminary study that was done on PASP [39].…”

Application of pellet softening (PS) as a scale prevention method in seawater desalination plants

“…However, scaling inhibitors are typically not green chemicals and may have a substantial environmental impact [3]. There are many published studies that address the application of nanofiltration as a pretreatment step to reduce the scaling potential of seawater before it is fed to a multi stage flash (MSF) plant [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…Chemical inhibitors are widely used to control the fouling [2][3][4][5] in both membrane and thermal units. The efficiency of these scale inhibitors varies depending on the type of mechanism by which they function to control or *Corresponding author.…”

Magnetic water treatment for scale control in heating and alkaline conditions

“…Besides well developed chemical treatments for scale control [3,4], a magnetic water treatment (MWT) is available as an alternative solution. Since 1960, former Soviet Union designed different industrial devices with strong electromagnetic coils, which gave in hightemperature water systems-high energy savings.…”