Experimental investigation of temperature effect on corrosive sulfur formation in transformers

Rehman, Shafiqur; Alhems, Luai M.; Jadim, Ramsey; Faraj, B. A. Al; Mutairi, K.S. Al; Al-Yemni, A. K.

doi:10.1109/tdei.2017.006024

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…During sulfur corrosion, the corrosion deposition on papers can cause decreased thermal capacity and thermal conductivity, even local overheating [23,27]. In addition, the macro-molecular cellulose is easily decomposed and shows chain scission at high temperatures [13,18]. Here, the polymerisation degree of papers is the amount (n) of glucose monomers (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) in the cellulose, reflected in the cracking degree of the insulating paper cellulose [21,44].…”

Section: Sulfur Corrosion Experiments Under Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhao et al [17] reported that a natural ester insulating oil is a good alternative to non-renewable mineral insulating oil. From the outer environmental impact factors, temperatures [13,18], oxygen [19], electric field [20], and related synergistic effects [21,22] were the research hotspots. From the inner oilpaper insulating system, scholars have recently focused on the following points: thiophene (C 4 H 4 S) degradation in various oil brands [23,24], gas production of passivators in oils [25,26], the moisture in the oil-paper system [27,28], and the cellulose structure of oil-impregnated paper [29] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures

Dai,

Yuan,

Zhou

et al. 2024

High Voltage

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As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers, sulfur corrosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high‐voltage engineering. Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) copper windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur corrosion resistance by slowing down intergranular corrosion. In this study, the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD copper windings under various temperatures were experimentally and theoretically studied. Results show that GBCD can enhance the corrosion resistance of copper in liquid environments. With the increase in temperatures, the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional copper windings experience notable degradation, while GBCD copper windings show more stable insulating behaviours. In addition, modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD copper windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Å2. Calculations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD copper windings possess a higher failure temperature (135.2°C) and inhibition degree (activation energy) of the sulfur corrosion (32,557.62 J/mol), revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.

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Section: Sulfur Corrosion Experiments Under Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures

Dai,

Yuan,

Zhou

et al. 2024

High Voltage

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“…To reduce the acid value in the insulating oil to slow down the reaction rate, the acid in the insulating oil needs to be removed. Research has also found that the corrosion rate of corrosive sulphur in oil on windings and solid insulation is strongly related to temperature [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. As the operating oil temperature in the upper part of the oil tank is higher, the corrosion rate is significantly faster than the bottom.…”

Section: Field Operation Measures For Sulphur Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of temperature would also lead to the increase of the oxidation reaction rate of the oil, which would increase the amount of water generated in the oil and intensify the oil degradation [55]. Furthermore, it is found that when the temperature increases, the acidity of the oil increases while the pH value decreases [56], and the acid in the oil also exacerbates sulphur corrosion. Therefore the oil temperature should be kept within the allowable operating range to avoid malfunctions caused by high temperature.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Factors Of Sulphur Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews on sulphur corrosion phenomenon of the oil–paper insulating system in mineral oil transformer

et al. 2020

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The active sulphur compounds in transformer oil would react with copper wires and produce cuprous sulphides, which then attach themselves to the surface of copper wires and insulating paper, thus reducing the electrical performance of oil-paper insulation and causing insulation failure. This article aims to make a comprehensive summary on the field of sulphur corrosion of oil-paper insulation in the mineral oil transformer, including the corrosion mechanism of sulphide on copper sheets, the deterioration mechanism of sulphide on oil-paper, the factors influencing sulphur corrosion reaction, the method of characterising the degree of sulphur corrosion, the protection technology of sulphur corrosion and the field operation measures for sulphur corrosion. Moreover, four key problems that need to be further solved were sorted out: the synergistic deterioration mechanism of sulphide and its transformation mechanism, the micro-process and forming path of sulphur corrosion reaction, the characteristic parameters and quantitative characterisation methods of sulphur corrosion degree, and the effective protection technology of sulphide corrosion. To solve these problems, efforts will be made for deeper understanding of the sulphur corrosion phenomenon and its deterioration mechanism based on theoretical background, the assessment methods and protection technology, endeavouring to put forward solid theoretical basis and feasible technical means for preventing sulphur corrosion insulation failure. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Regarding the concentration of sulphur corrosion, experiments also have shown that even the DBDS concentration as low as 1 mg/L will cause sulphur corrosion, and the content of most dissolved gases in the oil and the acid value in the oil would increase [8]. Scholars have also carried out a lot of research work on the influencing factors of corrosive sulfides [9][10][11], and find that the external conditions such as electric field [9], oxygen [10], temperature [11] and other factors also have an important influence on the formation of sulfides. Besides DBDS, mercaptan, thiophene and other substances are also found to be corrosive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐mechanism study on synergistic degradation of the oil‐paper insulation with dibenzyl disulfide, hexadecyl mercaptan and benzothiophene

Cong

Peng

et al. 2020

High Voltage

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In recent years, there have been many cases of transformer failures caused by corrosive sulfides. At present, research mainly focuses on the single sulfide dibenzyl disulphide, but few research on multiple sulphur or the oil-paper hybrid insulation. In this study, three typical sulfides dibenzyl disulfide, hexadecyl mercaptan and benzothiophene were selected to form seven sulfide-oil-paper models. Then relaxation calculations were carried out, and through molecular dynamics simulation, the synergistic effect of different sulfides on the properties of insulating paper and insulating oil was discussed. Results show that the coexistence of the three sulfides has the most severe weakening on the mechanical properties of cellulose, and it also causes great damage to hydrogen bonds. Hexadecyl mercaptan has a weaker effect on hydrogen bond destruction, but it will greatly aggravate the cellulose chain movement. The viscosity of insulating oil is generally increased by the influence of sulfide. Hexadecyl mercaptan is the main factor affecting the viscosity. Thiophene has little effect on the viscosity, ctive protection technology on sulphur corrosion.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Experimental investigation of temperature effect on corrosive sulfur formation in transformers

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures

Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures

Reviews on sulphur corrosion phenomenon of the oil–paper insulating system in mineral oil transformer

Micro‐mechanism study on synergistic degradation of the oil‐paper insulation with dibenzyl disulfide, hexadecyl mercaptan and benzothiophene

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