Experimental investigation of the applicability of a 250 kW ceria receiver/reactor for solar thermochemical hydrogen generation

Thanda, Vamshi Krishna; Fend, Th.; Laaber, D.; Lidor, Alon; Storch, Henrik von; Säck, Jan-Peter; Hertel, J.; Lampe, Jörg; Menz, Steffen; Piesche, G.; Berger, S.; Λορέντζου, Σουζάνα; Syrigou, Maria; Denk, Th.; Gonzales-Pardo, A.; Vidal, Alfonso; Roeb, Martin; Sattler, Ch.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.08.010

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the basis of the prior experience from solar gas turbine systems, a combined receiver/reactor was designed and built, operating at temperatures between 1400 • C and 1000 • C using radiative power of up to 150 kW generated by a large-scale solar simulator [117]. The reactor with a total volume of 90 L contained an open porous ceramic foam structure made of 10 ppi zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 , 166.1 kg) reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) foams coated with cerium oxide (CeO 2 , 44.8 kg) acting as the redox material, and it produced up to 8.8 g of hydrogen per cycle (i.e., 98 µmol/g ceria ).…”

Section: Ceria-based Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oxygen Carrier Materials and Related Thermochemical Redox Processes for Concentrating Solar Thermal Applications

Abanades

2023

Materials

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Redox materials have been investigated for various thermochemical processing applications including solar fuel production (hydrogen, syngas), ammonia synthesis, thermochemical energy storage, and air separation/oxygen pumping, while involving concentrated solar energy as the high-temperature process heat source for solid–gas reactions. Accordingly, these materials can be processed in two-step redox cycles for thermochemical fuel production from H2O and CO2 splitting. In such cycles, the metal oxide is first thermally reduced when heated under concentrated solar energy. Then, the reduced material is re-oxidized with either H2O or CO2 to produce H2 or CO. The mixture forms syngas that can be used for the synthesis of various hydrocarbon fuels. An alternative process involves redox systems of metal oxides/nitrides for ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2O based on chemical looping cycles. A metal nitride reacts with steam to form ammonia and the corresponding metal oxide. The latter is then recycled in a nitridation reaction with N2 and a reducer. In another process, redox systems can be processed in reversible endothermal/exothermal reactions for solar thermochemical energy storage at high temperature. The reduction corresponds to the heat charge while the reverse oxidation with air leads to the heat discharge for supplying process heat to a downstream process. Similar reversible redox reactions can finally be used for oxygen separation from air, which results in separate flows of O2 and N2 that can be both valorized, or thermochemical oxygen pumping to absorb residual oxygen. This review deals with the different redox materials involving stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric materials applied to solar fuel production (H2, syngas, ammonia), thermochemical energy storage, and thermochemical air separation or gas purification. The most relevant chemical looping reactions and the best performing materials acting as the oxygen carriers are identified and described, as well as the chemical reactors suitable for solar energy absorption, conversion, and storage.

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Section: Ceria-based Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oxygen Carrier Materials and Related Thermochemical Redox Processes for Concentrating Solar Thermal Applications

Abanades

2023

Materials

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“…Thanda et al [100] designed, developed, and tested a conjoined receiver/reactor system (Figure 19) containing ceria-coated zirconia RPC for the thermochemical WS to produce solar H 2 . The thermochemical redox reactions were carried out in the 1000 • C to 1400 • C temperature range using 150 kW of radiative power.…”

Section: Year 2022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Ceria-Driven Solar Thermochemical Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting Redox Cycle

Bhosale

2023

Energies

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Metal oxide (MO) based solar thermochemical H2O (WS) and CO2 splitting (CDS) is one of the most promising and potential-containing processes that can be used to produce H2 and syngas (liquid fuel precursor). Several non-volatile and volatile MOs were considered redox materials for the solar-driven WS and CDS operation. Among all the examined redox materials, based on their high O2 storage capacity, faster oxidation kinetics, and good stability, ceria and doped ceria materials are deemed to be one of the best alternatives for the operation of the thermochemical redox reactions associated with the WS and CDS. Pure ceria was used for solar fuel production for the first time in 2006. A review paper highlighting the work done on the ceria-based solar thermochemical redox WS and CDS cycle from 2006 until 2016 is already published elsewhere by the author. This review paper presents all the significant findings reported in applying pure ceria and doped ceria materials for the WS and CDS by research teams worldwide.

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An updated review and perspective on efficient hydrogen generation via solar thermal water splitting

Tran,

Warren,

Wilson

et al. 2024

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Solar thermal water splitting (STWS) produces renewable (or green) hydrogen from water using concentrated sunlight. Because STWS utilizes energy from the entire solar spectrum to drive the reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions that split water, it can achieve high theoretical solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiencies. In a two‐step STWS process, a metal oxide that serves as a redox mediator is first heated with concentrated sunlight to high temperatures (T >1000°C) to reduce it and evolve oxygen. In the second step, the reduced material is exposed to steam to reoxidize it to its original oxidation state and produce hydrogen. Various aspects of this process are comprehensively reviewed in this work, including the reduction and oxidation chemistries of active materials considered to date, the solar reactors developed to facilitate the STWS reactions, and the effects of operating conditions—including the recent innovation of elevated oxidant pressure—on efficiency. To conclude the review, a perspective on the future optimization of STWS is provided.This article is categorized under: Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Emerging Technologies > New Fuels

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Experimental investigation of the applicability of a 250 kW ceria receiver/reactor for solar thermochemical hydrogen generation

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

A Review of Oxygen Carrier Materials and Related Thermochemical Redox Processes for Concentrating Solar Thermal Applications

A Review of Oxygen Carrier Materials and Related Thermochemical Redox Processes for Concentrating Solar Thermal Applications

Recent Developments in Ceria-Driven Solar Thermochemical Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting Redox Cycle

An updated review and perspective on efficient hydrogen generation via solar thermal water splitting

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