Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Water Addition on the Exhaust Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated, Liquefied-Petroleum-Gas-Fueled Engine

Özcan, Hakan; Söylemez, Mehmet Sait

doi:10.1021/ef049850g

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The high heat of vaporization of water will decrease temperature and reduce fuel-air mixture. The long burning period, low fuel-air mixture temperature would contribute to higher HC emission (Özcan and Söylemez, 2005). The HC emission factors of P5B15W1 increased by 12-23% and 6-11% at various loads to the P5B15 and P5B15W05, respectively.…”

Section: Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Tsai

Lin

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, two diesel blends with different iso-butanol and isopropyl alcohol ratios, 5% iso-propanol with 15% isobutanol and 1% iso-propanol and 19% iso-butanol, were used and compared against the performance of petroleum diesel as a base fuel. Additionally, water addition strategy was included for further comparison. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing ratios of iso-butanol and water fractions, since the heating value decreased resulting in more fuel being combusted to maintain the same power output. On the other hand, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with increasing water content. Specifically, P5B15W1 had a higher BTE than regular diesel at low engine loads (12 kW and 25 kW-LS). Compared to the regular diesel, the results show that in-cylinder pressures slightly increased while HRR had longer ignition delay with higher iso-butanol and water content. For the two different ratios of blended diesel, P1B19 registered NO x emission reductions factors by about 12-35% compared regular diesel due to its low heating value and combustion temperature, while those for P5B15 were reduced 8-33% in comparison to regular diesel. For CO and PM emission factors, P5B15 had better performance than P1B19 which showed 13-37% and 37-50% lower than regular diesel, respectively. However, HC emission factors were all greater than those of regular diesel with the highest increase being from P1B19. This diesel blend, P1B19 showed 6-30% and 3-10% higher HC emission factors than regular diesel and P5B15, respectively. For water containing blends, NO x emission factors decreased with an increase in water content. The trends for CO and PM emission factors were similar to those of non-water containing diesel blends. P5B15W1 had largest decrease which showed 5-17% and 7-26% lower CO and PM than regular diesel, respectively. Notably, the CO and PM emission factors are all higher than non-water contain blended diesel. As for HC, P5B15W1 had an increase of about 26-51%. Moreover, the total-PAHs emission factors between two different ratios of blended diesel were compared whereby P5B15 had 12-22% lower than P1B19. Besides, total-BaPeq emission factors are similar to totalPAHs emission, which P5B15 had largest reduction by 28-44%. In summary, P5B15 would be a best choice in terms of PM reduction, while the best choice for NOx control would be P1B19W0.5 blend. Ultimately, further economic feasibility studies are recommended for an overall performance evaluation.

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Section: Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Tsai

Lin

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…For an emulsion containing 15% of water, the authors showed a decrease of 30% in NOx and 60% in particle emissions; however, the CO and HC emissions increased. Other types of fuel have also been studied such as LPG [14] and recently pure hydrogen [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrogen and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methane–air premixed flame: Experimental and numerical analysis

Boushaki

Dhué

Selle

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

173

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a b s t r a c tEffects of hydrogen enrichment and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methaneeair premixed flame were studied both experimentally and numerically.Measurements were carried out using the slot burner method at 1 bar for fresh gases temperatures of 27 C and 57 C and for variable equivalence ratios going from 0.8 to 1.2.The hydrogen content in the fuel was varied from 0% to 30% in volume and the steam content in the air was varied from 0 to 112 g/kg (0e100% of relative humidity). Numerical calculations were performed using the COSILAB code with the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism for one-dimensional premixed flames. The calculations were implemented first at room temperature and pressure and then extended to higher temperatures (up to 917 K) and pressures (up to 50 bar). Measurements of laminar burning velocities of methanee hydrogeneair and methaneeairesteam agree with the GRI-Mech calculations and previous measurements from literature obtained by different methods. Results show that enrichment by hydrogen increases of the laminar burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature. The addition of steam to a methaneeair mixture noticeably decreases the burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature. Modeling shows that isentropic compression of fresh gases leads to the increase of laminar burning velocity.

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“…For a typical automotive absorption cooling system sizing problem, heat exchanger cost data [11], vapor compression air-conditioning unit cost data [11], absorption air-conditioning unit cost data [11], and a sample test engine performance data [12] are available as, m ¼ 0:028 kg s…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimum net savings is about 1256$ and the value of payback is determined as 4.6 years by means of Equation (13) for this sample problem. The optimum exhaust gas outlet temperature is calculated as 2258C lower than the exhaust gas inlet temperature by using Equation (12) for the optimum system size. On the other hand, the critical effectiveness value is found approximately to be 0.98 by using Equation (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the optimum sizing of exhaust gas-driven automotive absorption cooling systems

Hilali

Söylemez

2008

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYAn optimization analysis is presented for estimating the optimum size of absorption-type automotive air-conditioning system that uses waste exhaust gas as heat input. An economic analysis and optimization method were performed and combined with the thermal analysis for thermo-economic optimization of the absorption cooling system that seems to be an alternative to the commonly used automotive air-conditioning systems of vapor compression type.

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Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Water Addition on the Exhaust Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated, Liquefied-Petroleum-Gas-Fueled Engine

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Effects of hydrogen and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methane–air premixed flame: Experimental and numerical analysis

On the optimum sizing of exhaust gas-driven automotive absorption cooling systems

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