Experimental investigation of the impact of phase vs. frequency characteristic properties on steady state oscillation existence in feedback oscillators

Improvement of the Barkhausen criterion and the implementation of an intelligent function generator

“…Demon started that the modified Wien oscillator satisfies the Barkhausen criterion [10]; however, it cannot oscillate [11–14]. Consequently, the conventional Barkhausen criterion is necessary, but not sufficient [10, 15–17]. Since oscillation characteristics are affected by environmental factors such a noise and, ambient temperature, the Barkhausen criterion, as a constant, cannot be established for any length of time [18].…”