Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Operating with Different Proportional Blends of Gasoline and Water Ammonia Solution

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the impact of utilizing different blends of water ammonia solution (WAS) and gasoline fuel (GF) on the exhaust emission and the engine performance of spark ignition (SI) engine and compare the obtained results with a base case where gasoline is used a sole fuel in the SI engine. The results show that the use of ammonia solution as an addition to gasoline fuel increases the overall thermal efficiency. Moreover, blending GF and Was at a ratio of 75% to 25% respectively achieved a maximum overall efficiency of 38.96% at the maximum load condition. In addition, the specific fuel consumption of the previously mentioned blend is reduced significantly compared to the base case. However, the results displayed that adding WAS leads to an upsurge in the CO, HC, and NOx levels.

A critical review of the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of PCCI engine controlled by injection strategy and fuel properties

“…(2) Fuel droplets in crevice volume due to the higher fuel injection pressure and longer ignition delay period. (3) The In-cylinder wall-wetting due to the flame quenching at the combustion chamber wall. (4) Absorption and desorption of fuel vapor in oil film on cylinder walls and carbon deposits in the chamber [6,19].…”

“…The unburned hydrocarbon (HC), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), smoke opacity, and particulate matter (PM) are main constituents of the exhaust gas [2]. Owing to the high increase of these pollutants, a lot of strict regulations have been launched on the standard emissions released from engines to be acceptable thus oblige engine researchers worldwide to use alternative fuels, exhaust after-treatment devices, and develop clean technologies with lower fuel consumption [3].Compression ignition (CI) engines are the most appropriate device for power generation and transportation applications because of their reliability, durability, high combustion efficiency, and economics due to their high compression ratio and require lower maintenance than gasoline engines [4]. However, there are series concerns about their continual usage due to their undesirable effects on health and the environment as; they release an enormous amount of pollutants and greenhouse gases and their depletion of fossil fuels [5].…”

Nanoparticles Additives for Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blends as a Performance and Emissions Enhancer in the Applications of Direct Injection Diesel Engines: A comparative Review

“…The benefits of using biodiesel [27]. Include lower concentrations of unburned hydrocarbon emissions from the exhaust and the fact that it is a renewable fuel compared to diesel fuels of fossil origin [28][29][30][31]. Also, biodiesel is a better lubricant than diesel fuel, so it prolongs the life of the engine and reduces its wear.…”