Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of heat pipe assisted phase change material for battery thermal management system

Huang, Qiqiu; Li, Xinxi; Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Jiangyun; He, Fengqi; Li, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.048

Cited by 223 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For large-scale or high-power battery systems, it is difficult to transfer the heat to the outside of the battery pack by itself in the natural state. It is necessary to combine independent cooling technology into a hybrid heat management system [26], for example, PCM and air-cooling combination [27], PCM and liquid cooling combination [28], PCM, HP and air-cooling combination [29], etc. The hybrid thermal management system combines the advantages of various cooling technologies, but the design cost and material cost are too expensive, and the implementation of the system is very complex.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Design and Investigation of a Cooling System for a High Power Ni-MH Battery Pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory.Abstract: High power cylindrical Ni-MH battery cells have a heavy heat load because of their high discharge rate and large equivalent internal resistance. This heavy heat load, together with an imbalanced flow in parallel liquid cooling systems, can lead to variances in the temperature of each cell in the entire battery pack, thereby reducing the life cycle of the battery pack. In this paper, a parallel-series combined liquid cooling system for a 288V Ni-MH battery pack was designed, and several parameters that influence the flow balance of the system by heat transfer and fluid dynamics were calculated. Then, a thermal-fluid simulation was executed with different parameters using StarCCM+ software, and the simulation results were validated by a battery pack temperature experiment on a bench and in a vehicle. The results indicate that the cell's temperature and temperature differences can be kept within an ideal range. We also determined that within the battery power requirements and structural spacing limits, the total flow rate of the cooling liquid, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main pipe to the branch pipes, and the number of internal supporting walls in each branch pipe need to be large enough to minimize the cell's maximum temperature and temperature differences.reduces the life cycle of a battery pack. At temperatures exceeding 50 • C, charging efficiency and battery life deteriorate the most rapidly due to heat [10,11]. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the research of battery thermal management system (BTMS), which is very important for battery performance, life and safety. Pesaran et al. [12] noted that Ni-MH and Li-ion batteries' ideal operating temperatures range from 25 to 40 • C, and the temperature differences between the cells within a battery pack should be below 5 • C. Literature ReviewPlenty of works have been done in the field of battery thermal management system for commercially sold EVs and HEVs in the market, such as direct air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material, heat pipes, hybrid cooling system and other emerging cooling technologies.The air-cooling system uses air as the heat exchange medium to let the air sweep across the battery surface to take away the heat generated by the battery. The air-cooling system is the most widely used cooling mode with simple structure, light weight, low cost and convenient maintenance. Chen YF et al. [13] showed that the thermal conductivity of Li-ion battery was low, and air cooling alone could not meet the requirements of thermal management. Harmel et al. [14] and Chen et al. [15] analyzed the thermal balance of li-ion batteries and found that when the wind speed reached a certain degree, increasing the wind speed had little effect on the heat dissipation effect of the batteries. Nelson et al. [16] have shown that the cooling effect of an air-co...

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confidence: 99%

The Design and Investigation of a Cooling System for a High Power Ni-MH Battery Pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) is usually used for better thermal control of the battery cells. According to the mediums, the thermal management methods in BTMS mainly include air cooling, 8,9 phase change cooling, 10,11 and liquid cooling. 12,13 The liquidcooled BTMS has received much attention from scholars owing to the advantage of higher heat exchange efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐parameter structure design of parallel mini‐channel cold plate for battery thermal management

Chen

Song

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Battery thermal management system is critical to ensure the temperature of the battery pack in electric vehicles within a suitable range. In this study, the battery pack is cooled by the parallel mini‐channel cold plate (PMCP). The performance of the PMCPs with I‐type (PMCP I), Z‐type (PMCP Z), and U‐type flows (PMCP U) are studied using numerical method. Then, the edge width and convergence channel width of the three systems are designed. The cooling performance of the PMCPs is effectively improved after the structure design. Subsequently, the symmetrical system is constructed based on each PMCP. The numerical results show that the symmetrical systems achieve lower maximum temperature, smaller maximum temperature difference, and lower energy consumption. Among the three systems, the performance of the symmetrical PMCPs I and Z is similar and better than that of the symmetrical PMCP U. Finally, the dimensionless analysis is performed to explore the influences of various parameters on the final designed cold plate. The results indicate that the inlet cooling water temperature and heat flux density applied to the cold plate do not affect the structure of the final designed system. Moreover, the designed systems have good performance under different mass flow rates. Highlights PMCPs with different flow patterns are applied in BTMS. Performance of PMCPs is improved through multi‐parameter structure design. The symmetrical systems are constructed for performance improvement. T0 and q0 do not affect the structure of the designed PMCP. ΔTmax and WP of designed PMCP are respectively reduced by at least 19% and 61%.

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“…BTMS has been commercially applied with air cooling, liquid cooling, and ohmic heating . Moreover, in recent years, some novel methods have been developed, such as phase‐change materials cooling from liquid to gas and from solid to liquid, heat pipes cooling, or a combination use of them . The appropriate BTMS should comprehensively consider battery heat generation and the operating environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Moreover, in recent years, some novel methods have been developed, such as phase-change materials cooling from liquid to gas [16][17][18][19] and from solid to liquid, [20][21][22] heat pipes cooling, 23,24 or a combination use of them. [25][26][27][28] The appropriate BTMS should comprehensively consider battery heat generation and the operating environment. 29 With the development of numerical simulation analysis technology and related hardware and software, thermal modeling techniques have been widely applied to aid the design and research of BTMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplification strategy research on hard‐cased Li‐ion battery for thermal modeling

Xifeng

Zeng²,

Hong-liang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Numerical simulation is widely used in research and design of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). Battery cells are commonly homogenized to a block for module or pack level modeling. However, how the homogenization method affects results is not proven. This paper works on a hard‐cased Li‐ion battery to find a proper simplification method. First, a detailed three‐dimensional thermal model (model A) is set up and validated by experimental data. Then, the other three models with different simplification strategies are proposed. They are model B (the cell is homogenized to a block), model C (the cell preserves only core region and housing case), and model D (based on model C, the thin insulation films are also considered). Take the results of model A as a reference, the calculation accuracy and efficiency are summarized. It is found that model B shows the best efficiency and is a proper choice for evaluation of temperature dynamics, while model D is more recommended when the internal temperature distribution of the battery is more concerned.

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Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of heat pipe assisted phase change material for battery thermal management system

Cited by 223 publications

References 29 publications

The Design and Investigation of a Cooling System for a High Power Ni-MH Battery Pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The Design and Investigation of a Cooling System for a High Power Ni-MH Battery Pack in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Multi‐parameter structure design of parallel mini‐channel cold plate for battery thermal management

Simplification strategy research on hard‐cased Li‐ion battery for thermal modeling

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