Nowadays, modern metal industries have difficulty obtaining the required surface quality during machining. This is because various process parameters have an impact on the quality of the surface. As a result, optimizing the turning input factors such as cutting speed, depth of cut and feed is crucial for finishing quality. In addition to this, to minimize the limitations of experimental studies of metal cutting, finite element simulation is used, which improves time and cost. This study aims to investigate the dry turning of AISI 1030 carbon steel material experimentally and numerically using finite element simulation, as well as optimizing cutting parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed to get a better surface finish and optimize material removal rate. The experiment was designed using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, and an Analysis of Variance was used to determine the significance of cutting parameters on end responses. According to the results, cutting speed (67.21%)was the most significant parameter which influences surface roughness followed by feed rate (26.91%).At 250 m/min cutting speed, 0.5 mm depth of cut, and 0.15 mm/rev feed rate, minimum surface roughness (1.21 µm) was achieved. The depth of cut had a significant impact on the rate of material removal (66.13%), and the optimum material removal rate was 453.57 mm3/s, which was attained at 90 m/min, 2.5 mm, and 0.35 mm/rev. With an average relative error of 4.85%, the Taguchi prediction and finite element simulation were in excellent agreement with the experimental result.