Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of flammable refrigerant R290/R1234yf leakage from heat pump system for electric vehicles

Li, Kang; Wang, Jingwu; Luo, Shuxian; Wang, Zhenzhen; Zhou, Xueguang; Fang, Jun; Tu, Ran

doi:10.1098/rsos.191478

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Work [17] reveals the features of fire hazard during the leakage of refrigerants but there is no analysis of their possible synergy with other fire-hazard components of the air conditioner. Study [18] on modeling the fire of air conditioning units tackles fires in the middle of the room and cannot be used to analyze façade fires.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the effect of fire from external air conditioning units on buildings' facades

Балло¹,

Yakovchuk

Nizhnyk³

et al. 2022

EEJET

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This paper considers the issue of assessing the possible impact of fire in external air conditioning units on the evolution of façade fires using the example of a typical façade of the building. Current methods for assessing the effectiveness of limiting the spread of façade fires do not take into account the possibility of external fire load. Existing methods of studying the effects of combustible components in façade systems are intended only to investigate the reaction to the fire of façade systems. At the same time, it should be understood that modern façade systems include additional components that not only have a significant fire load but can be the cause of a fire. Taking that into consideration, a study was conducted on the impact of a possible fire of external air conditioning units on the development of its evolution by vertical structures in buildings. During the FDS modeling, the possibility of facing materials from a low combustibility group, which are typical for modern façade systems, is taken into account. Analysis of the fire load of the components included in the design of air conditioning units has made it possible to recreate the model of the combustion reaction of the main components and determine the value of its maximum intensity. The data on the thermal distributions on the surface of the façade made it possible to make assumptions about the necessary structural parameters that should be observed when determining the places of installation of baskets for air conditioners. The established dependences are a prerequisite for revising the criteria for assessing the potential fire danger of façade systems, which may include additional engineering systems. The derived dependences will make it possible to revise approaches to existing field procedures for assessing the fire danger of façade systems. The practical result of the implementation of these data may be amendments to building codes to increase the level of fire protection of façade systems and buildings in general

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Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the effect of fire from external air conditioning units on buildings' facades

Балло¹,

Yakovchuk

Nizhnyk³

et al. 2022

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To obtain higher evaporation pressures while keeping its low GWP, mixing it with propane (CAS 74-98-6, R290) is a promising approach. Li et al 1 pointed out that R1234yf/290 mixtures could be potential refrigerants for air conditioning heat pumps of electric vehicles and experimentally investigated combustion characteristics of the mixtures in a simulated leakage process. Heredia-Aricapa et al 2 mentioned that R465A, which is a ternary mixture of difluoromethane (R32), R1234yf, and R290 with 21/71.1/7.9 mass%, would be one possible alternative to R404A in low-temperature refrigeration applications.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and Propane (R290) Mixtures: (p, ρ, T) Behavior, Saturated Liquid and Vapor Densities, Critical Parameters, and a Mixture Model

et al. 2022

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The (p, ρ, T) behavior of a refrigerant mixture of 50.00 mass% R1234yf and 50.00 mass% R290 was measured with the isochoric method. Along the six isochores (60, 121, 305, 500, 550, and 600 kg·m–3), a total of 40 single-phase (p, ρ, T) data points were obtained at temperatures from 330 to 400 K and pressures up to 6.6 MPa. In addition, the phase boundary of this mixture was experimentally investigated by visual observation of the vapor–liquid meniscus, and a total of 17 saturated densities and the critical parameters were obtained. Additionally, five saturated densities were also determined from the inflection points of the isochores. According to the multifluid approximation approach, a thermodynamic mixture model was formulated for R1234yf/290 mixtures. The parameters of the mixture model were determined by fitting the experimental data obtained in this work and those available in the literature. Expected uncertainties (k = 2) in calculated values with the mixture model are 0.2% for bubble and dew point pressures, 0.2% for liquid densities, 0.4% for vapor densities, 1% for saturated liquid and vapor densities, and 1.5% for isochoric heat capacities in the liquid phase. The mixture model can also be applied to regions away from the fitted experimental data with reasonable accuracy because it extrapolates well to higher temperatures and pressures, and to lower temperatures.

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Experimental study of propane heat pump system with secondary loop and vapor injection for electric vehicle application in cold climate

Wang

et al. 2022

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of flammable refrigerant R290/R1234yf leakage from heat pump system for electric vehicles

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Determining the effect of fire from external air conditioning units on buildings' facades

Determining the effect of fire from external air conditioning units on buildings' facades

Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and Propane (R290) Mixtures: (p, ρ, T) Behavior, Saturated Liquid and Vapor Densities, Critical Parameters, and a Mixture Model

Experimental study of propane heat pump system with secondary loop and vapor injection for electric vehicle application in cold climate

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