Experimental Investigation on Pouring Aggregate to Plug Horizontal Tunnel with Flow Water

Zhang, Gailing; Hui, Shuang; Li, Weixin; Sui, Wanghua

doi:10.3390/w12061763

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This situation indicates that the plugging of water with pouring aggregate is successful. The efficiency of plugging and the main effects of pouring aggregate in a flowing tunnel have been discussed in the literature [11]. Figure 2 shows the pouring and accumulation process in Trial No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of the Aggregate-Pouring Sequence on the Efficiency of Plugging Inundated Tunnels through Drilling Ground Boreholes

Jiang

Hui

Sui

et al. 2020

Water

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This paper presents an experimental and field investigation on the efficiency of plugging by pouring aggregate in different sequences through multiple boreholes in a tunnel with flowing water. There have been controversies surrounding the selection of the pouring order for different particle sizes of aggregates and the order in different boreholes. A visualized experimental setup is used to investigate the influence of the pouring orders on the efficiency of plugging through multiple boreholes under the flowing-water condition. A case study of the salvage of a flooded mine using ground directional boreholes was investigated and compared with the experimental results. The water-pressure difference at the aggregate-capping moment, when fine aggregate was poured first and coarse aggregate later, was relatively small, compared to that when fine aggregate was poured upstream and coarse aggregate, downstream. The result implies that the efficiency of plugging with the order of pouring fine aggregate first and coarse aggregate later in different boreholes is better than that with the order of pouring fine aggregate upstream and coarse aggregate downstream. When the poured aggregate is about to be capped, increasing the pouring intensity with the same or a larger particle size is more conducive to capping. The case study shows that pouring fine materials in the early stage reduced the cross-sectional area; in the later stage, the aggregate particle size was gradually increased, which can be helpful in forming an effective water-barrier section in the tunnel. The pouring of aggregate provided a base for cement grouting to form a water-plug section with a length of 106 m, resulting in a sealing efficiency of 100% for the case.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A geometric ratio of 20 between the prototype and the model was selected based on the Euler criterion and the gravity similarity criterion. Based on previous research and similarity criteria, the pipeline can be used to simulate a tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 12 m 2 , length of 80 m and water-inrush flow of 6440 m 3 /h [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Aggregate-Pouring Sequence on the Efficiency of Plugging Inundated Tunnels through Drilling Ground Boreholes

Jiang

Hui

Sui

et al. 2020

Water

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“…It has been found that the aggregate pouring speed and particle size should be continuously adjusted to further reduce the seepage speed and create favorable conditions for grouting after successful capping. At this time, the water head difference between the two sides should be increased so that the slurry can propagate along the aggregate accumulation mass and improve the blocking effect (Zhang et al 2020). Integrated technology, differences and difficulties of bulkhead construction involving aggregate pouring and grouting in a tunnel under flowing water conditions were examined via a comparison to the general pregrouting method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plugging efficiency of pouring aggregates through multiple boreholes into an inundated tunnel to prevent groundwater inrush disasters

Hui

Sui

Zhang

et al. 2022

Geoenviron Disasters

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the plugging efficiency of aggregate pouring through multiple boreholes under flowing water conditions into an inundated mine tunnel. Aggregate pouring into an inundated mine tunnel has been widely used and constitutes the premise for the salvage of flooded underground mines through further grouting. However, corresponding in-depth research is relatively limited due to the concealment of underground engineering. A visual experimental setup for aggregate pouring into a tunnel replica was built based on the theory of similarity between sediment movement and slurry pipeline transportation. Four factors, each with four levels, including the aggregate particle size (0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 and 2–5 mm), distance between boreholes (0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.5 m), initial water flow rate (0, 1.5 × 10−2 m/s, 2.4 × 10−2 m/s and 3 × 10−2 m/s) and tunnel inclination (0°, 3°, 5° and 8°) were selected in orthogonal experiments to investigate the plugging efficiency. Range and variance analysis of the four-level orthogonal array experimental results indicated that the factors influencing the plugging efficiency, varying between 83.96 and 98.15%, could be ranked in descending order as the initial water flow rate, aggregate particle size, distance between boreholes and tunnel inclination. The former two factors yielded a more significant influence than that of the latter two factors. The measured water pressure difference ranging from 16 to 32% between the front and back ends of the formed aggregate mass in the pouring process indicated that there remained a high resistance to water flow, even if the aggregate mass was not capped but reached a certain length. Plugging criteria for aggregate pouring into horizontal and inclined tunnels were then proposed. Moreover, the optimal distance between boreholes to form an effective bulkhead was determined, which could be defined as the distance between boreholes when the aggregate mass exhibits the fastest build-up and the plugging capacity is reached.

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“…Using the Bingham model, they controlled the grouting and water flow rates and studied the antiscouring ability of the paste. Zhang et al [14] experimentally investigated porous aggregate infusions in a mine submerged beneath a roadway. By combining the results of an indoor experiment with theory, they established a visual pipelineaggregate infusion test platform for analyzing the hydrodynamic velocity and the influence of different factors on aggregate plugging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggregate interception and water shutoff were mainly affected by the hydrodynamic velocity and aggregate particle sizes. From these results, Zhang et al [14] derived the law of aggregate sedimentary migration and accumulation. Li et al [15] developed a grouting-model test bed that visualizes fracture developments under a dynamic water supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement Slurry Plugging Law and Optimal Plugging Flow Rate at a High Hydraulic Gradient

Jia

Liu

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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With the continuous development of coal and rock mass engineering, water inrush grouting has become an urgent problem in engineering disaster management. Herein, a theoretical model of the optimal plugging flow rate was established, and a comparative theoretical analysis was performed based on the results of indoor model tests. The particle incipient velocity was defined as the optimal plugging flow rate. The effects of hydrodynamic velocity, water-cement ratio, grouting pressure, and fracture aperture on the cement slurry grouting plugging were studied, and the optimal threshold of the plugging flow rate was obtained for theoretical model verification. Results showed that, at a high hydraulic gradient, the plugging effect of the grout was mainly affected by the hydrodynamic velocity, water-cement ratio, and grouting pressure (listed in the order of importance). When the hydrodynamic velocity was low, the difference in the slurry deposition thickness was large under different water–cement ratios and pipe diameters. When the hydrodynamic velocity was increased, the influence of various factors on the slurry deposition thickness decreased. Through a comparative analysis of the experimental and theoretical values, the optimal plugging velocity of pure cement slurry was 0.5–0.55 m·s−1 under different conditions, and the error between the experimental and theoretical values was less than 0.1 m·s−1, which confirmed the rationality of the proposed model.

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Experimental Investigation on Pouring Aggregate to Plug Horizontal Tunnel with Flow Water

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of the Aggregate-Pouring Sequence on the Efficiency of Plugging Inundated Tunnels through Drilling Ground Boreholes

Influence of the Aggregate-Pouring Sequence on the Efficiency of Plugging Inundated Tunnels through Drilling Ground Boreholes

Plugging efficiency of pouring aggregates through multiple boreholes into an inundated tunnel to prevent groundwater inrush disasters

Cement Slurry Plugging Law and Optimal Plugging Flow Rate at a High Hydraulic Gradient

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