Experimental investigation on SI engine using gasoline and a hybrid iso-butanol/gasoline fuel

Experimental investigation of combustion, emissions and thermal balance of secondary butyl alcohol-gasoline blends in a spark ignition engine

“…Some researchers have also attempted to draw fine distinctions using different types of butanol isomers such as isobutanol-see, e.g., [20,32,[47][48][49][50][51][52]-and tert-butanol-see, e.g., [53]. The research to date has tended to focus on n-butanol, isobutanol and tertbutanol rather than 2-butanol.…”

“…Low proportions of 2-butanol were emphasized in this study for several reasons: first, low proportions of 2-butanol (up to 15% by volume) can be mixed directly with gasoline fuels without any need for minor or major modifications [48]; second, all butanol isomers are still expensive and less productive [21] than gasoline fuels, so using 2-butanol at low proportions of volume blends is far more cost effective than high proportions of butanol-gasoline mixtures. This research also can contribute to widening the knowledge on the effects of butanol mixture in a four-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine.…”

Examination of Thermo-Physical Properties of Ethanol and Gasoline Numerically and Its Behaviour at Different Temperatures.

“…Thus the fluid will almost get converted to vapour before entering the cylinder and there will be an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules which increases the flow. In addition to this, the higher density of ethanol increases the float level supplying a rich mixture into the cylinder which reduces the CO and HC emissions improving the combustion quality [19]. On the other hand, there might also be problems in vaporizing the fuel in case of pure ethanol as its density is higher than gasoline as shown in [18].…”

Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions

“…Bata et al [54] and Kelkar et al [55] found a reductions in power, exhaust temperature and thermal efficiency at using 30 vol.% iso-butanol, compared to pure gasoline. Elfasakhany [56] studied output torque, brake power, volumetric efficiency, in-cylinder pressure, exhaust gas temperature and concentrations of CO, CO 2 and UHC emissions of SI engine using 3-10 vol.% iso-butanol-gasoline blends and neat gasoline. Engine was operated at speed range of 2600-3400 r/min and results declare that the CO and HC emissions are lower for blended fuels at speeds less than or equal to 2900 r/min; however, for speeds higher than 2900 r/min, it was shown an opposite impact.…”