Experimental investigation on the cooling performance of direct and secondary loop CO2 air conditioning systems for electric vehicles

Zong, Shuo; Yin, Xiang; Miao, T.; Zhang, Shucheng; Yang, Xu; Cao, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2023.05.019

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Direct, indirect, and total TEWI were calculated using Eqs. (5)(6)(7). Emission caused by refrigerant leakage during the system lifetime and disposal contributes to direct TEWI while the one caused by energy production to operate the system contributes to indirect TEWI [26].…”

Section: Mathematical Models Of the Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…𝑇𝐸𝑊𝐼 𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑇𝐸𝑊𝐼 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝑇𝐸𝑊𝐼 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 (7) Where 𝐸 is the annual energy consumption. GWP, annual leakage loss (𝐿), operation lifetime (𝑛), recovery factor (𝛼), refrigerant charge (𝑚), and CO2 emission coefficient (𝐾) were taken as 1, 15%, 10 years, 90%, 435 kg, and 0.551 kg CO2/kWh, respectively [22], [27]- [30].…”

Section: Mathematical Models Of the Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been improvements made to increase the performance of transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycles including parallel compression, adiabatic gas cooling, subcooling, and ejector expansion [5]. There are also studies using CO2 in cascade and secondary loop cycles in the literature [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy, Environmental, and Exergoeconomic (3e) Analysis of Transcritical Co2 Booster and Parallel Compression Supermarket Refrigeration Cycles in Climate Zones of Türki̇ye

ÇALIŞKAN,

ERSOY

2024

KONJES

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Legal restrictions on high-GWP refrigerants lead to the widespread use of carbon dioxide in commercial refrigeration, where there is a high energy consumption. Although CO2 has many benefits, its lower critical temperature and higher operation pressure compared to other refrigerants lead to performance reduction. For this reason, studies have been conducted by researchers for performance enhancement. This paper presents energy, environmental impact, and exergoeconomic (3E) analysis of transcritical CO2 booster and parallel compression supermarket refrigeration cycles based on meteorological data of 11 provinces in Türkiye as samples of different climatic regions. Parallel compression cycle achieved up to 18.4% higher coefficient of performance than booster cycle between the investigated ambient temperatures. Up to 5.6% annual energy consumption and environmental impact reduction were obtained using parallel compression. Unit product costs of the parallel compression cycles were calculated between 8.2% and 18% lower than booster cycle in investigated provinces. Developing energy-efficient systems that use environmentally friendly refrigerants will contribute to a sustainable future.

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Section: Mathematical Models Of the Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%