“…Using different nanofluids as the working fluid in heat exchangers is one of the common passive heat transfer enhancement methods to increase their thermal efficiency [20,21]. In the case of experimental studies on DPHXs, the thermal effect of several nanoparticles types consists of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) [22,23], Aluminum oxide [24,25], Titanium dioxide [26,27], Zinc [28], Copper oxide [29,30], Iron Oxide [31] and silver [32,33] are investigated. Literature review shows that most of the research in the field of nanoparticle technology is limited to adding the nanoparticle to the working fluid.…”