Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Brake Mean Effective Pressures up to 30 bar on the Behavior of a Large Bore Otto Gas Engine

Eicheldinger, S.; Bartkowski, T.; Schröder, Alexander; Prager, M.; Wachtmeister, Georg

doi:10.4271/2019-01-2224

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The research engine setup that was used for the investigations is quite similar to Korb et al, 25 but the engine includes an additional endoscopic minimal optical lateral access as depicted in Figure 6. The research engine is designed to match different ignition systems, such as a scavenged and un-scavenged pre-chamber, spark plugs and pilot fuel injection systems in combination with port fuel injected gaseous or liquid fuels as can be seen in Eicheldinger et al 50,51 Figure 6 depicts a setup with the port fuel injection relatively close to the cylinder head, into the receiver. Table 2 summarizes the engine specifications for the setup used here.…”

Section: Test Bench Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Karmann

Eicheldinger

Prager

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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The following paper presents thermodynamic and optical investigations of the natural flame and OH radical chemiluminescence of a hydrogen enriched methane combustion compared to natural gas combustion. The engine under investigation is a port-fueled unscavenged prechamber 4.8 L single cylinder large bore engine. The blends under consideration are 2%V, 5%V,10%V, and 40%V of hydrogen expected to be blended within existing natural gas grids in a short and mid-term timeline in order to store green energy from solar and wind. These fuel blends could be used for stabilization of the energy supply by reconverting the renewable fuel CH4/H2 in combined heat and power plants. As expected, admixture of hydrogen extends the ignition limits of the fuel mixture toward lean ranges up to an air-fuel equivalence ratio of almost 2. No negative effect on combustion is observed up to an admixture of 40%V hydrogen. At 40%V hydrogen, abnormal combustion like backfire occurs at an air-fuel equivalence ratio of 1.5. The higher mixtures exhibit increased nitrogen oxide emissions due to higher combustion chamber temperatures, while methane slip and CO emissions are reduced due to more complete combustion. The optical investigation of the natural flame and OH radical chemiluminescence are in good agreement with the thermodynamic results verifying the more intense combustion of the fuel blends by means of the chemiluminescence intensity. Further, lube oil combustion and a continuing luminescence after the thermodynamic end of combustion are observed.

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Section: Test Bench Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Karmann

Eicheldinger

Prager

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…To conclude this part, a case study was conducted on a set of heavy-duty SI gas engines equipped with a pre-chamber spark plug and operating under lean conditions. The data set comprises 28 engines, with data drawn from both the scientific literature [67,85,86,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] and documentation from commercial OEMs [87][88][89][105][106][107][108]. Figure 1 depicts the only scaling law for torque versus the displacement volume.…”

Section: Curve-fitted Equations For Large-bore Si Ng Engines With Pre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Performance Parameters of Reciprocating Engines for Sustainable Energy System Optimization Modelling

Suijs,

Verhelst

2023

Energies

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The increased share of variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power poses constraints on the stability of the grid and the security of supply due to the imbalance between electricity production and demand. Chemical storage or power-to-X technologies can provide the flexibility that is needed to overcome this issue. To quantify the needs of such storage systems, energy system optimization models (ESOMs) are used, guiding policy makers in nationwide energy planning. The key input parameters for such models are the capacity and efficiency values of the conversion devices. Gas turbines, reciprocating engines, fuel cells and Rankine engines are often mentioned here as cogeneration technologies. Their performance parameters will however need to be revised when switching from fossil to renewable fuels. This study therefore investigates the possibility of using size-based scaling laws to predict the efficiency and power values of one type of conversion technology: the reciprocating engine. The most straightforward scaling laws are the ones based on the fundamental engine performance parameters and are constructed by fitting an arithmetic function for a large set of representative engine data. Their accuracy was tested with a case study, consisting of thirty large-bore, spark-ignited gas engines. Two alternative methods were also investigated: scaling laws based on the Willans line method and scaling laws based on the similarity theory. Their use is deemed impractical for the current research problem.

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“…Since many research topics on natural gas have already been successfully completed using this engine, [32][33][34][35][36][37] an engine and component setup corresponding to the current state of the art can be put together without any problems. In addition, this engine has also been used to gain experience with various hydrogen-fuel combustion processes.…”

Section: Test Bench and Engine Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental mild conversion of a lean burn natural gas engine with SCR to a hydrogen engine: NOx and GWP potential for marine applications

Schröder

Eicheldinger

Prager

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from marine propulsion systems have gained public interest resulting in emission limits as defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with IMO Tier III, especially for vessels operating in Emission Control Areas (ECA). The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is also increasingly important for marine propulsion. Minimizing NOx while reducing climate impact calls for technologies such as the gas engine with aftertreatment systems, preferably with the ability to run on alternative fuels. A proven technology for reducing NOx in marine engines is the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system. It is also possible to avoid engine raw emissions by shifting the combustion process to lower temperature levels. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel with combustion properties enabling premixed operation at significantly higher air-fuel ratio than natural gas (NG) and thus, reducing raw NOx emissions. The study uses a systematic approach to compare emissions and efficiency of a lean-burn gas engine with a natural gas and a mild conversion hydrogen setup, utilizing two different strategies: combustion of NG with the assumption of an SCR catalyst and high raw NOx emissions and combustion of pure hydrogen using the NOx reduction potential of higher excess air. The scope of the study makes it possible to illustrate engine concepts for future applications in the displacement class of 4.8 L per cylinder. The highest efficiency of 45.3% was achieved with the natural gas engine and SCR. The concept with the lowest Global Warming Potential (GWP) was the hydrogen fueled engine under the prerequisite of using green hydrogen, accompanied by a reduction in efficiency of 0.6% compared to the efficiency optimum of NG with SCR. Assuming the use of gray hydrogen, the GWP was 48% and 52% higher than with NG and NG with SCR, respectively, at the efficiency-optimal operating points.

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Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Brake Mean Effective Pressures up to 30 bar on the Behavior of a Large Bore Otto Gas Engine

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Scaling Performance Parameters of Reciprocating Engines for Sustainable Energy System Optimization Modelling

Experimental mild conversion of a lean burn natural gas engine with SCR to a hydrogen engine: NOx and GWP potential for marine applications

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