To improve the rate
of formation of carbon dioxide hydrates, tetra-
n
-butylammonium
bromide (TBAB) was compounded with different
concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nanographite, and
the effects of these mixtures on carbon dioxide hydrate formation
were studied. The addition of TBAB alone, as well as mixtures of TBAB
and SDS or nanographite, shortened the induced nucleation time, and
the induction times of the TBAB–2.5 g/L nanographite and TBAB–0.24
g/L SDS systems were the shortest and longest, respectively. Further,
on mixing TBAB and SDS, the induced nucleation time first increased
and then decreased with the increase in the SDS concentration. When
TBAB and nanographite were mixed together, the induced nucleation
time first decreased, then increased, and again decreased with the
increase in the nanographite concentration. In addition, the hydrate
formation rate and conversion were highest for the TBAB–0.48
g/L SDS system and lowest for the TBAB–0.06 g/L SDS system;
in the first 35 min, from the end of gas charging, the TBAB–10
g/L nanographite and TBAB–5 g/L nanographite systems yielded
the highest and lowest hydrate formation rates and conversions, respectively.
For the composite systems, obvious effects were observed in the initial
stages of reaction, but the effects varied over the course of the
reaction. Overall, the use of different accelerators resulted in little
differences in the total production, conversion, and formation rate
of carbon dioxide hydrates over the course of the reaction.