“…These factors can affect the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of the material and thus should be carefully considered in the selection and design of such implants [3]. The components are made for implants, especially hip replacement materials such as stainless steel, cobalt chrome, Ti, and Ti alloys [4]. The functional grade materials' performance, such as hardness, wear resistance, and electrical and optical properties, has been enhanced by incorporating nanomaterials [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”