Experimental investigations about complex non-relaxing fatigue loads for carbon-black filled natural rubber

Coupling effect of non‐relaxing and high temperature on fatigue properties of carbon‐black filled isoprene rubber

“…It is consistent with the edge where the initial crack occurs. 19 The striations at 60 C are more blurred and indistinguishable than those at RT. In addition, striations are vanished on the fracture surface at 130 C. Ruellan et al have stated that the formation of striation requires the material is crystallizing enough.…”

“…This obvious effect of temperature is in line with the report of Charrier and Warneboldt. 19,26,55 Dealing with the reinforcement decrease, a comparative WAXD study was performed. Figure 11a-f exhibits the 2D WAXD images of the specimens at different HT levels.…”

“…Crystallizable rubber represented by NR can show highly complex fatigue performance under non-relaxing conditions, which behaves as crack bifurcation, 18 higher crack surface roughness 3 and life reinforcement effect. 19 Non-relaxing conditions are defined as that minimum load values in a cycle remain positive. R ratio is often used to describe fully relaxing and non-relaxing conditions, which refers to the quotient of two extreme values of periodic load history.…”

“…Early study 11 reveals weakening fatigue endurance with increasing temperatures, more recent studies of temperature influence are given by Charrier et al 26 In the study of Marchal, 27 it is reported that the crystallinity ratio of NR reduces at a higher temperature and higher local strains are required for detecting crystallization. It was found that, for NR, no crystallites were found when the test temperature rose beyond 82 C. More recently, Warneboldt et al 19 conducted an extensive test campaign, with the conditions including non-relaxing tension fatigue tests for three temperatures. They specified that the life reinforcement for NR reduces a lot at the test temperature of 80 C compared with RT.…”

Finite element analysis on strength and durability of spherical laminated elastomeric bearings

“…A linear elastic constitutive model was used for metal spacer layers, while the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model was employed for rubber layers. [14][15][16][17][18] Being a classical hyperelastic constitutive model of rubber, the Mooney-Rivlin model can be used to simulate the mechanical behavior of almost all rubber materials. The Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model is described as 19 :…”