“…The main problem that can be encountered at this stage is due to fermentation of an excess of substrate (glucose), which can lead to the accumulation of ethanol in the culture medium, and in turn to the inhibition of the cell respiratory capacity. To avoid this undesirable effect, a closed-loop optimizing strategy is required, which could take various forms (Chen et al [1995], Akesson [1999], Renard [2006], Dewasme et al [2007]). In particular, the use of extremum seeking strategies for bioprocess optimization has received an increasing attention in recent years (Ariyur and Krstic [2003], Guay and Zhang [2003], Guay et al [2004], Marcos et al [2004], ).…”