“…They discovered the highest hardness weld zone of 245 HV, accounted for by the homogenous acicular/lathe ferrite structure in-conjunction with and blow holes absence, as also explained in the reference [62–64]. Figure 11 (a) Hardness profile of the welded alloy steels [61]. (b) The effect of compact pressure and welding zone on the hardness of compacted Aluminium [51].…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
confidence: 89%
“…The uniaxial standard tensile test is mostly conducted on cylindrical bars or dog-bone shaped specimen, machined from welded sample and tested according to ASTM E8. From the further review of Chandramouli et al [61] work on experimental investigations behaviour of welded sintered and forged Fe-0.3%C-3%Mo low alloy steel. They discussed the variation of tensile properties for both the welded alloy and base metal with respect to density.…”
Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another work by Chandramouli et al [61] on the experimental investigations off welding behaviour of sintered forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steel. The hardness profile for the welded steel shown in Figure 11(a), reveals minimal variations of hardness values along the weld zone owing to the microstructural homogeneity in the welded zone, which agrees with our earlier discussion.…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Hardness profile of the welded alloy steels [61]. (b) The effect of compact pressure and welding zone on the hardness of compacted Aluminium [51].…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
Powder metallurgy (PM) technology is an ideal manufacturing process to produce near net shape parts i.e. part that requires little or no machining, examples of PM processes are spark plasma sintering, isostatic pressing and additive manufacturing. PM allows maximisation of materials and produces part with optimised mechanical and physical properties. Also, PM process provides the possibility to further increase the industrial use of PM parts by fabricating it into complex geometrical shapes via joining. Joining is the most important mechanical process necessary for PM parts to perform in actual service conditions expected in automobile parts and structural parts. Despite apparent advantages of PM processes, joining PM parts has been a tedious process, due to challenges associated with inherent characteristics, like porosity, chemical composition and impurities like oil or grease, which tend to impair the weldments property. In this document, a review of PM process is presented, focusing on different welding methods that can be used to effectively join PM components.
“…They discovered the highest hardness weld zone of 245 HV, accounted for by the homogenous acicular/lathe ferrite structure in-conjunction with and blow holes absence, as also explained in the reference [62–64]. Figure 11 (a) Hardness profile of the welded alloy steels [61]. (b) The effect of compact pressure and welding zone on the hardness of compacted Aluminium [51].…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
confidence: 89%
“…The uniaxial standard tensile test is mostly conducted on cylindrical bars or dog-bone shaped specimen, machined from welded sample and tested according to ASTM E8. From the further review of Chandramouli et al [61] work on experimental investigations behaviour of welded sintered and forged Fe-0.3%C-3%Mo low alloy steel. They discussed the variation of tensile properties for both the welded alloy and base metal with respect to density.…”
Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another work by Chandramouli et al [61] on the experimental investigations off welding behaviour of sintered forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steel. The hardness profile for the welded steel shown in Figure 11(a), reveals minimal variations of hardness values along the weld zone owing to the microstructural homogeneity in the welded zone, which agrees with our earlier discussion.…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Hardness profile of the welded alloy steels [61]. (b) The effect of compact pressure and welding zone on the hardness of compacted Aluminium [51].…”
Section: Welding Behaviour Effect On the Microstructure And Mechanica...mentioning
Powder metallurgy (PM) technology is an ideal manufacturing process to produce near net shape parts i.e. part that requires little or no machining, examples of PM processes are spark plasma sintering, isostatic pressing and additive manufacturing. PM allows maximisation of materials and produces part with optimised mechanical and physical properties. Also, PM process provides the possibility to further increase the industrial use of PM parts by fabricating it into complex geometrical shapes via joining. Joining is the most important mechanical process necessary for PM parts to perform in actual service conditions expected in automobile parts and structural parts. Despite apparent advantages of PM processes, joining PM parts has been a tedious process, due to challenges associated with inherent characteristics, like porosity, chemical composition and impurities like oil or grease, which tend to impair the weldments property. In this document, a review of PM process is presented, focusing on different welding methods that can be used to effectively join PM components.
“…In addition, the PM manufacturing doubles as the most cost-effective method, compared to other manufacturing processes, such as casting and forging, in terms of producing complex profile geometries. Meanwhile, it is necessary to join PM parts to other materials produced by other manufacturing processes [3]. Therefore, it is required to understand joining or welding PM parts together [4].…”
This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to the estimation of the Vickers hardness parameter at the weld zone of laser-welded sintered duplex stainless steel. The sintered welded stainless-steel hardness is primarily determined by the sintering conditions and laser welding processing parameters. In the current investigation, the process parameters for both the sintering and welding processes were trained by ANNs machine learning (ML) model using a TensorFlow framework for the microhardness predictions of laser-welded sintered duplex stainless steel (DSS 2507 grade). A neural network is trained using a thorough dataset. The mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and R2 for the train and test data were calculated. The predicted values were in good agreement with the measured hardness values. Based on the results obtained, the ANN method can be effectively used to predict the mechanical properties of materials.
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