Experimental Live Attenuated Rubella Virus Vaccine

A, Prinzie; Huygelen, C; Gold, Jerome A.; Farquhar, John D.; McKee, James

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100040174003

Cited by 64 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Soon after the rubella virus was isolated in 1962 (Weller and Neva 1962;Parkman et al 1962), there was a major epidemic of rubella in the United States in 1963-1965, resulting in more than 20 000 infants being born with birth defects due to maternal rubella and leading to the effects being named the congenital rubella syndrome (Cooper and Alford 2001). This epidemic led to the eventually successful search for rubella vaccines (Hilleman et al 1969;Meyer et al 1969;Plotkin et al 1969;Prinzie et al 1969). Effective vaccination programs have given hope of eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the United States (Plotkin 2006;Reef and Cochi 2006;.…”

Section: Maternal Rubella and Birth Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of birth defects: Lessons from history

Lancaster

2011

Congenital Anomalies

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Environmental causes of birth defects have increasingly been recognized since the mid-20th century. The teratogenic effects of maternal infections such as rubella and therapeutic drugs such as thalidomide were first reported by alert clinicians. Among clinicians and researchers who have contributed significantly to our knowledge of these environmental causes, Norman Gregg was a Sydney ophthalmologist whose seminal study in 1941 identified maternal rubella as a cause of birth defects. The teratogenic effects of thalidomide were first noted in 1961 by William McBride, a Sydney obstetrician, and independently confirmed by Widukind Lenz, a German pediatrician. Marsh Edwards, an Australian veterinary scientist, showed experimentally that maternal hyperthermia caused birth defects in various animal species. While it is likely that alert individual clinicians or researchers will continue to signal the first clues about new environmental causes of birth defects, especially therapeutic drugs, it is now usually teams of laboratory researchers and epidemiologists who are more likely to provide definitive evidence of these new teratogens.

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Section: Maternal Rubella and Birth Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of birth defects: Lessons from history

Lancaster

2011

Congenital Anomalies

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“…The following rubella outbreak in Europe and the United States of America added other symptoms to the known ones, including: hepatitis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, encephalitis, mental retardation and several other anomalies [6]. The urgent need to find a rubella vaccine was met in 1970 when the live attenuated vaccine became available in Europe and North America [7][8][9]. Rubella virus (RV) is the only member of the Rubivirus genus within the Togaviridae family and was first observed in 1967 revealing a pleomorphic nucleocapsid core enveloped with a host-derived lipid membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)

et al. 2020

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Background: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine since the 1970s, rubella disease and, importantly, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) remain a public health concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the rubella seroprevalence in the children population of the province of Florence and compare the obtained results to a previous survey conducted in 2005–2006. Methods: A qualitative measurement of anti-rubella antibodies was performed on 165 sera using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The anamnestic and vaccination status was also collected. Results: Our study highlighted a very high rubella seroprevalence (85–100%) in our enrolled population. In the vaccinated group (153/165), 98.7% of them were positive to rubella antibodies. Conclusions: Our study showed the highest seroprevalence rate reached in the province of Florence for rubella in the last 15 years, thanks to the several successful vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region. Our findings in pediatric and adolescent subjects are a key factor in preventing CRS in adult life, specifically in childbearing women. Thus, the set goal will be to keep the awareness about the vaccination for this preventable disease high.

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“…Furthermore, booster doses may not be free from teratogenic effects. After vaccination with the Cendehill and HPV vaccines serum antibodies have been shown to persist without significant decline for periods up to 2 and 3 years respectively (Meyer et al 1969;Prinzie et al 1969), while Buser, Nicholas & Plotkin (1969) and Plotkin, Farquhar, Katz & Hertz (1969) have described antibody persistence 12 and 14 months after vaccination with Wistar RA 27/3 vaccine. This investigation describes the persistence of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody titres over a two year period in 20 children who took part in a previously reported study of Wistar RA 27/3 rubella vaccine (Hillary et al 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%