Experimental low temperature water content in gaseous methane, liquid ethane, and liquid propane in equilibrium with hydrate at cryogenic conditions

Gas hydrates in low water content gases: Experimental measurements and modelling using the CPA equation of state

“…Data are reported in Tables 3 and 4 [1,2]; : data from Song et al [3]. Solid lines: model predictions (thermodynamic model is independent from the data generated in this work.)…”

“…There is a scarcity of experimental data for gases, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures near and inside the hydrate stability region. Much of the available data is from a limited number of sources [1][2][3][4] and is mostly for methane and binary systems. Generating reliable experimental data for systems at these conditions is challenging due to the requirements for establishing equilibrium and accurately measuring water content at levels down to a few ppm.…”

Water Content of Natural Gas

“…Figure 10.12 shows the water content of ethane at 500 psia (3.45 MPa) as a function of the temperature. The plot shows the experimental data of Song and Kobayashi (1994) and those of Song et al (2004). The curve shown on the plot is simply a correlation of the experimental data and is: ln w ¼ À0:309035 þ 0:049845t À 8:2658 Â 10 À5 t 2 (10.30) where w is in lb/MMCF and t is in F. Although these are at a single pressure, the water content over a liquid phase is a weak function of the pressure.…”

“…Figure 10.13 is a similar plot except it is in SI Units. Figure 10.14 shows two data sets of data for the water content of liquid propane in AEU; the experimental data of Song and Kobayashi (1994) at 159 psia (1.10 MPa) and those of Song et al (2004) at 125 psia (0.86 MPa). On the scale shown in this figure, it is clear that there is only a slight variation in the water content with the difference.…”

Experimental and molecular modelling study of the three-phase behaviour of (propane+carbon dioxide+water) at reservoir conditions

“…Similarly, the water-rich phase has also been analysed by Mokraoui et al [47] this time at VLLE conditions and at temperatures ranging from (300 to 340) K and pressures below 3 MPa. At low temperatures, the system also presents fluid-hydrate equilibria, which have been studied by a number of authors [45,48,49]. A further interesting feature typical of (alkane + water) systems is existence of gas-gas equilibria of the second type [50]; this was first identified in the (propane + water) system by de Loos et al [51] at pressures up to 190 MPa.…”