Experimental measurement and quantification of frictional contact between biological surfaces experiencing large deformation and slip

Gratz, Kenneth R.; Sah, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.01.006

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Macroscopic changes in deformation of the opposing tissue surfaces and sliding behavior were observed qualitatively. Tissue deformation and sliding were quantified from digital images, as described previously,36 using a custom program written for MATLAB 6.5 with functions from the Image Processing Toolbox (Mathworks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify sliding, the positions of points along both tissue surfaces (100 μm spacing) were tracked dynamically during loading 36. One surface was chosen as the slave surface and at each frame, the projection of each point on that surface onto the opposing, master surface was determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, these methods were extended to investigate the contact of two independent cartilage surfaces subjected to uniaxial compression36 or relative motion and sliding,37 quantifying cartilage strain during loading. Image analyses were introduced to allow dynamic deformation of contacting cartilage surfaces to be automatically tracked, and a detailed mathematical framework to describe the contact between the surfaces was presented 36. Building on those methods will allow in-depth studies of cartilage contact in both normal and diseased states to be performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of focal articular defects on cartilage contact mechanics

Gratz

Wong

Bae

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Focal damage to articular cartilage is common in arthroscopy patients, and may contribute to progressive tissue degeneration by altering the local mechanical environment. The effects of a focal defect, which may be oriented at various orientations relative to the subchondral bone, on the dynamics of cartilage contact and deformation are unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of experimental full thickness focal defects, oriented at 808 or 1008 relative to the subchondral bone, on intratissue strain and surface sliding of opposing cartilage surfaces during compression and stress relaxation. Pairs of intact bovine osteochondral blocks were compressed uniaxially by 20%, and allowed to stress relax. Tissue deformation was recorded by video microscopy. A full-thickness defect (with either 808 or 1008 edges) was created in one block from each pair. Blocks were allowed to reswell and retested. Defect edges were then recut with the opposite orientation, allowed to reswell, and retested again. Stained nuclei were tracked by digital image correlation and used to quantify cartilage strains and surface sliding. The results indicated that loading of intact samples caused axial strain magnitudes that decreased with depth and relatively little sliding. With loading of samples containing defects, strain magnitudes were elevated in cartilage adjacent to, and opposing, defects. For samples with edge orientations of 1008, sliding magnitudes were increased over surfaces adjacent to defects. These local mechanical changes due to full-thickness articular cartilage defects may contribute to altered chondrocyte metabolism, tissue damage, or accelerated wear. ß

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of focal articular defects on cartilage contact mechanics

Gratz

Wong

Bae

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Recently, cartilage deformation during cartilage-on-cartilage articulation was elucidated (Wong, et al, 2008a, Wong, et al, 2008b) using video microscopy (Schinagl, et al, 1996) and image correlation to track the displacement of fiducial markers (Gratz and Sah, 2008, Wang, et al, 2002). With this experimental approach, a pair of osteochondral blocks was compressed in apposition and subjected to lateral shearing motion to mimic the biomechanical environment during joint movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical asymmetry during articulation of tibial and femoral cartilages: Local and overall compressive and shear deformation and properties

Wong

Sah

2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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During knee movement, femoral cartilage articulates against cartilage from the tibial plateau, and the resulting mechanical behavior has yet to be fully characterized. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the overall and depth-varying axial and shear strains, and 2) the associated moduli, of femoral and tibial cartilage during the compression and shearing of apposing tibial and femoral samples. Osteochondral blocks from human femoral condyles (FC) characterized as normal and donor-matched lateral tibial plateau (TP) were apposed, compressed 13%, and subjected to relative lateral motion. When surfaces began to slide, axial (−Ezz) and shear (Exz) strains and compressive (E) and shear (G) modulus, overall and as a function of depth, were determined for femoral and tibial cartilage. Tibial −Ezz was ~2-fold greater than FC −Ezz near the surface (0.38 versus 0.22) and overall (0.16 versus 0.07). Near the surface, Exz of TP was 8-fold higher than that of FC (0.41 versus 0.05), while overall Exz was 4-fold higher (0.09 versus 0.02). For TP and FC, −Ezz and Exz were greatest near the surface and decreased monotonically with depth. E for FC was 1.7-fold greater than TP, both near the surface (0.40 versus 0.24MPa) and overall (0.76 versus 0.47MPa). Similarly, G was 7-fold greater for FC (0.22MPa) than TP near the surface (0.03MPa) and 3-fold higher for FC (0.38MPa) than TP (0.13MPa) overall. These results indicate that tibial cartilage deforms and strains more axially and in shear than the apposing femoral cartilage during tibio-femoral articulation, reflecting their respective moduli.

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“…3C) (Gratz and Sah, 2008). Compressive (Schinagl, et al, 1997) and shear properties (Buckley, et al, 2008, Wong, et al, 2008) of cartilage tissue vary with depth from the articular surface.…”

Section: Synovial Joint Geometry Motion and Cartilage Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape, loading, and motion in the bioengineering design, fabrication, and testing of personalized synovial joints

Williams

Chan

Temple-Wong

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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With continued development and improvement of tissue engineering therapies for small articular lesions, increased attention is being focused on the challenge of engineering partial or whole synovial joints. Joint-scale constructs could have applications in the treatment of large areas of articular damage or in biological arthroplasty of severely degenerate joints. This review considers the roles of shape, loading and motion in synovial joint mechanobiology and their incorporation into the design, fabrication, and testing of engineered partial or whole joints. Incidence of degeneration, degree of impairment, and efficacy of current treatments are critical factors in choosing a target for joint bioengineering. The form and function of native joints may guide the design of engineered jointscale constructs with respect to size, shape, and maturity. Fabrication challenges for joint-scale engineering include controlling chemo-mechano-biological microenvironments to promote the development and growth of multiple tissues with integrated interfaces or lubricated surfaces into anatomical shapes, and joint-scale bioreactors which nurture and stimulate the tissue with loading and motion. Finally, evaluation of load-bearing and tribological properties can range from tissue to joint scale and can focus on biological structure at present or after adaptation.

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Experimental measurement and quantification of frictional contact between biological surfaces experiencing large deformation and slip

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The effects of focal articular defects on cartilage contact mechanics

The effects of focal articular defects on cartilage contact mechanics

Mechanical asymmetry during articulation of tibial and femoral cartilages: Local and overall compressive and shear deformation and properties

Shape, loading, and motion in the bioengineering design, fabrication, and testing of personalized synovial joints

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