Experimental measurement of biaxial thermal stress fields caused by arc welding

Coules, Harry; Colegrove, Paul A.; Cozzolino, Luis Daniel; Wen, Shuwen

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.12.006

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A more comprehensive explanation of the measurements carried out on the welded specimens is given elsewhere. 18 Single-pass, full-penetration GMA welding was carried out on rectangular thin plate samples of 3 mm-thick S355 mild steel, which were instrumented with thermocouples and foil resistance strain gauges (see Figure 1(a)). Four butt welds and four bead-on-plate welds were produced using the same overall geometry, under identical conditions.…”

Section: Strain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowed characterisation of part of the transient biaxial thermal stress field induced by the welding process, further details of which are given elsewhere. 18 Eight K-type thermocouples placed 50 mm adjacent to the strain measurement locations in the longitudinal direction were used to compensate the strain gauges for temperature effects, and check that none of the strain gauges exceeded their rated temperature during welding. Elevated-temperature Ni-Cr strain gauges (Micro Measurements WK-series) were used at 20 and 30 mm from the weld line, while general-purpose constantan gauges (Micro Measurements CEA and L2A-series) Coules et al 577 were used elsewhere.…”

Section: Strain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just as strains due to destructive relaxation of residual stresses can be measured, so can the (equal and opposite) strains that are associated with their initial formation. 18 This implies that the residual stresses added by an operation such as welding can be found using the strain differences measured between the beginning and the end of the process. Strain development during welding has been previously measured using metal foil resistance strain gauges, 19–21 fibre Bragg grating sensors 22,23 and digital image correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Residual strain measurement for arc welding and localised high-pressure rolling using resistance strain gauges and neutron diffraction

Coules

Cozzolino

Colegrove

et al. 2012

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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Neutron diffraction and foil resistance strain gauges have been used to study the state of residual stress introduced by localised high-pressure rolling of structural steel plates, and compare it to that caused by gas metal arc welding. Rolling creates a region in which the residual stress state is highly compressive in the rolling direction. Furthermore, this region is sharply defined, making it potentially very suitable for cancelling out the tensile residual stresses caused by welding. It is also demonstrated that non-destructive strain measurements made during the welding and rolling processes can be used to indicate residual elastic strain and stress, and that this method shows good agreement with conventional neutron diffraction measurements. Determination of residual stresses in this way requires consideration of the effect of curvature on the values of strain measured at the surface of the object.

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Section: Strain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Residual strain measurement for arc welding and localised high-pressure rolling using resistance strain gauges and neutron diffraction

Coules

Cozzolino

Colegrove

et al. 2012

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the measurement gets close to the welding torch, the thermal and electromagnetic radiation imposes significant influence on the optical system. Previous studies have used DIC to measure the strain on the workpiece during arc welding [20,21]. However, most of these experimental measurements were conducted far away from the fusion zone, or at the back side of the workpiece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal history in materials during welding is another critical factor affecting the quality of the weldment. Previous studies suggested non-uniform thermal expansion and liquid metal shrinkage near the weld pool result in weld distortion and residual stresses [21,22]. Thermal analysis of welding process has been conducted by many researchers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ strain monitoring in gas tungsten arc welding processes

Chen

Feng

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)

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Strain/stress evolution during welding is essential to understand material's mechanical behavior and the formation of weld defects such as distortion, cracks and residual stresses. In-situ measurement of strain has been very challenging due to the impact from high temperature and intense arc light. In this work, a newly-developed integrated optical system was utilized to monitor material's thermal and strain field adjacent to the fusion line during GTAW process. It was found that the variation of the measurement data could be positively correlated to the change of welding parameters and the characteristics of the final weldment. The purpose of this work is to develop a real-time welding quality monitoring system to proactively prevent the formation of certain weld defects.

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Assessment of the Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of Welding Consumables in the Varestraint Test by Means of an Extended Evaluation Methodology

et al. 2022

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Various test methods are available for assessing the susceptibility of materials to solidification cracking during welding. In the widely used Varestraint test, the crack length is selected as a criterion as a function of the applied bending strain. Unfortunately, the crack length does not characterize the material behavior alone but depends to varying degrees on the individual test parameters used, which makes the interpretation of the results difficult. In addition, the crack length is not comparable under different test conditions. To overcome these disadvantages, we have developed a novel evaluation methodology that decouples the machine influence from the material behavior. The measured crack length is related to the maximum possible value specified by welding speed and deformation time. This relative crack length is calculated numerically, considering the orientation of the cracks. Experiments on two high‐alloy martensitic welding consumables show that, in contrast to the conventional evaluation, a comparison of different welding parameters becomes possible. Furthermore, the strain rate proved to be a suitable crack criterion in agreement with Prokhorov's hot cracking model.

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Experimental measurement of biaxial thermal stress fields caused by arc welding

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Residual strain measurement for arc welding and localised high-pressure rolling using resistance strain gauges and neutron diffraction

Residual strain measurement for arc welding and localised high-pressure rolling using resistance strain gauges and neutron diffraction

In situ strain monitoring in gas tungsten arc welding processes

Assessment of the Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of Welding Consumables in the Varestraint Test by Means of an Extended Evaluation Methodology

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