Experimental measurement of fiber/fiber interaction using Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Schadler, Linda S.; Amer, Mäher S.; Iskandarani, B.

doi:10.1016/0167-6636(96)00004-x

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to the local sharing concept by Harlow and Phoenix, the upper value of the stress concentration value should be 1.5. 5 In a previous study, 22 we showed that this upper limit of 1.5 is valid regardless of the interfacial adhesion for a two-dimensional composite. At very strong or very weak interfacial adhesions, the upper limit of the stress concentration factor will be 1.5.…”

Section: Stress Concentration Valuesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…15 -27 All these studies used micro-Raman spectroscopy because it is the only technique available that can measure strain distribution along fibre axis and, hence, can directly measure the SCF. The studies addressed the dependence of the SCF on the fibre volume fraction (interfibre spacing), 15 -21 interfacial adhesion, 17,22,23 and matrix yielding stress, 21,24 type of composite loading (tension versus compression), 22 and aging of the composite. 25 Several important things have been learned from these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, Galiotis et al, Amer and Schadler, and Van den Heuvel et al found for two-dimensional composite that the maximum SCF in graphite/polymer composites ranged from 1.5 to 1.2. 17,19,22 On the other hand, studies in Kevlar ® /polymer composites show significantly different behavior. 18 In the work by Wagner et al, the maximum SCF for Kevlar ® 149/urethane composites was 1.14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy composites: an experimental and modelling study

Amer

Schadler

1999

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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Fibre/fibre interaction in composite materials is a very important micromechanical phenomenon that dictates the composite mechanical behaviour especially the toughness and failure process. A number of models have been developed to predict the fibre/fibre interaction in composite materials, but none of the existing models has considered the effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction. In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), with the ability to measure strain in graphite fibres with a spatial resolution of 2 µm, was used to measure fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy model composites with three different interphases. An energy-based model was used to calculate the strain energy release rate (Gi) for the three interphases used in this study. The three interphases, unsized, sized, and PMMA coated, yielded strain energy release rates of 40, 30, and 10 J m −2 respectively. Using the values calculated for strain energy release rate of the interphase and interfacial crack length, the energy-based model predicated stress concentration factor values in agreement with those experimentally measured.

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Section: Stress Concentration Valuesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy composites: an experimental and modelling study

Amer

Schadler

1999

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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“…This phenomenon controls the toughness and fracture behaviour of the composite. [49] Studied parameters included fibre volume fraction, [50] interfacial adhesion, [51] loading type [54] and interphase toughness. [12] It is clear that the stress concentration factor (SCF) non-linearly depends on the fibre volume fraction and on the loading (tensile or compressive).…”

Section: Organic Matrix Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Strain and Stress in Ceramic, Polymer and Metal Matrix Composites by Raman Spectroscopy

Colomban¹

2002

Adv. Eng. Mater.

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Raman scattering is a unique tool providing information on the structure and short‐range order of matter. Stress‐induced Raman shifts can be used to determine the stress/strain in films, fibres, particulate composites and, more generally, in any phase a few microns or more in scale. Quantitative results follow from a wavenumber calibration as a function of tensile strains or pressures applied to reference fibres or crystals. Furthermore, if the material is coloured, (near) resonant Raman scattering occurs, which enhances the scattered light intensity and simplifies the spectra – especially for harmonics – but drastically reduces the analysed volume (in‐depth penetration ∼10–100 nm). This paper discusses the effective and potential advantages/drawbacks of Raman micro‐spectrometry technique. The procedures to improve the sensitivity, the legibility and the reliability will be addressed. Examples will be chosen among (aramid, C, SiC) fibre‐ reinforced ceramic (CMCs), polymer (PMCs) or metal matrix (MMCs) composites.

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“…Most of the current multifiber researches have focused on using laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) as a detection tool for directly measuring the strain in broken and unbroken fibers 24–36. In particular, the magnitude and location of the overstress region in the fibers adjacent to the broken fibers has been cited as a critical fiber–fiber interaction effect that controls the initial composite failure process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the interfacial properties of three‐dimensionally arranged glass fiber/epoxy resin model composites

Moon

Holmes

McDonough

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of interfiber distance on the interfacial properties in three-dimensional multi-E-glass fiber/ epoxy resin composites has been investigated using fragmentation test. In additions, the effect of the fiber surface treatment on the interfacial properties has been studied. The interfacial shear strength decreased with the decreasing the interfiber distance at the range of under 50 lm and the extent of the decreasing was more serious as the increasing of the number of adjacent fiber. This is probably due to the fact that the interface between the fiber and the resin was damaged by the adjacent fiber breaks and the damage increased with closing the interfiber spacing and the number of adjacent fiber. It was found that the interfacial shear strengths saturated when the interfiber distance was over 50 lm, the ones were saturated regardless of fiber surface treatment and the ones were in close agreement with those of the single fiber fragmentation test. Finally, the interfacial shear strength evaluated using three-dimensional fragmentation tests are shown as real values in-site regardless of fiber surface treatment, interfiber distance and existing of matrix cracks.

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Experimental measurement of fiber/fiber interaction using Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy composites: an experimental and modelling study

The effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy composites: an experimental and modelling study

Analysis of Strain and Stress in Ceramic, Polymer and Metal Matrix Composites by Raman Spectroscopy

Study on the interfacial properties of three‐dimensionally arranged glass fiber/epoxy resin model composites

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