Experimental measurements of effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen–nitrogen mixture in PEM fuel cell diffusion media

Zamel, Nada; Astrath, N. G. C.; Li, Xianguo; Shen, Jun; Zhou, Jialiang; Astrath, F. B. G.; Wang, Haijiang; Liu, Zhong‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2009.09.044

Cited by 115 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The detailed description of the experimental setup and experimental procedure can be found in Refs. [11,18]. In this work, the ball valve in Refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A closedtube method with a Loschmidt diffusion cell is considered as one of the most reliable methods to determine binary diffusion coefficients of gases [16][17][18][19]. Using a Loschmidt cell, bulk binary diffusion coefficients of O 2 -N 2 were precisely measured under the experimental conditions of different temperatures (25-80 • C) and relative humidity values (0-80%) [18]; the EGDCs of gas diffusion layers of PEM fuel cells were also studied at different temperatures [11]. Moreover, the measured EGDC of a porous sample of a stainless steel film with simple straight pores was found to be in good agreement with the result of numerical computation of threedimensional mass diffusion through the sample [19], exhibiting the usefulness of the Loschmidt cell in studying porous material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental measurement techniques, e.g., gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (e.g., PFG NMR), and diffusion cell methods, have been developed to determine the EGDCs of porous materials [9][10][11][12][13]. Kramer and co-workers measured the EGDC in carbon paper using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of effective gas diffusion coefficients of catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells with a Loschmidt diffusion cell

Shen

Zhou

Astrath

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In this work, using an in-house made Loschmidt diffusion cell, we measure the effective coefficient of dry gas (O 2 -N 2 ) diffusion in cathode catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells at 25 • C and 1 atmosphere. The thicknesses of the catalyst layers under investigation are from 6 to 29 m. Each catalyst layer is deposited on an Al 2 O 3 membrane substrate by an automated spray coater. Diffusion signal processing procedure is developed to deduce the effective diffusion coefficient, which is found to be (1.47 ± 0.05) × 10 −7 m 2 s −1 for the catalyst layers. Porosity and pore size distribution of the catalyst layers are also measured using Hg porosimetry. The diffusion resistance of the interface between the catalyst layer and the substrate is found to be negligible. The experimental results show that the O 2 -N 2 diffusion in the catalyst layers is dominated by the Knudsen effect. Crown

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“…The detailed description of the experimental setup and experimental procedure can be found in Refs. [11,18]. In this work, the ball valve in Refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of effective gas diffusion coefficients of catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells with a Loschmidt diffusion cell

Shen

Zhou

Astrath

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Moreover, in experimental approaches, tortuosity is not always presented explicitly, but is rather combined with porosity into a "diffusibility" 16,17 or "effective relative diffusivity" 18,19 value expressed as 2 . Additionally, in the field of battery research, tortuosity is contained in the MacMullin number NM, which relates the bulk conductivity of the electrolyte σ bulk to the effective conductivity of the porous electrolyte σ eff : 20-23…”

Section: δLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of this information, effective transport properties of porous structures have been derived experimentally by means of diffusion cell experiments 16,17,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and electrochemical measurements. 15,19,46,71 …”

Section: Experimentally Derived Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Tjaden

Brett

Shearing

2016

International Materials Reviews

211

188

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The tortuosity of a structure plays a vital role in the transport of mass and charge in electrochemical devices. Concentration polarisation losses at high current densities are caused by mass transport limitations and are thus a function of microstructural characteristics. As tortuosity is notoriously difficult to ascertain, a wide and diverse range of methods has been developed to extract the tortuosity of a structure. These methods differ significantly in terms of calculation approach and data preparation techniques. Here, we review tortuosity calculation procedures applied in the field of electrochemical devices to better understand the resulting values presented in the literature. Visible differences between calculation methods are observed, especially when using porosity-tortuosity relationships and when comparing geometric and flux based tortuosity calculation approaches.

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Similarities and Differences between Gas Diffusion Layers Used in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis for Material and Mass Transport

Zhang,

Meng,

Chen

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water electrolysis (PEMWE) are rapidly developing hydrogen energy conversion devices. Catalyst layers and membranes have been studied extensively and reviewed. However, few studies have compared gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in PEMWE and PEMFC. This review compares the differences and similarities between the GDLs of PEMWE and PEMFC in terms of their material and mass transport characteristics. First, the GDL materials are selected based on their working conditions. Carbon materials are prone to rapid corrosion because of the high anode potential of PEMWEs. Consequently, metal materials have emerged as the primary choice for GDLs. Second, the mutual counter‐reactions of the two devices result in differences in mass transport limitations. In particular, water flooding and the effects of bubbles are major drawbacks of PEMFCs and PEMWE, respectively; well‐designed structures can solve these problems. Imaging techniques and simulations can provide a better understanding of the effects of materials and structures on mass transfer. Finally, it is anticipated that this review will assist research on GDLs of PEMWE and PEMFC.

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Experimental measurements of effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen–nitrogen mixture in PEM fuel cell diffusion media

Cited by 115 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement of effective gas diffusion coefficients of catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells with a Loschmidt diffusion cell

Measurement of effective gas diffusion coefficients of catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells with a Loschmidt diffusion cell

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Similarities and Differences between Gas Diffusion Layers Used in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis for Material and Mass Transport

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