Experimental measurements of temperatures in ultrasonically assisted drilling of cortical bone

Abstract

Heat generation is a well-known problem in bone drilling. Excessive heat generation during drilling operation on bone causes necrosis of the tissue. This paper presents measurements and analysis of temperatures in ultrasonically assisted drilling of bone. The main objective was to find critical drilling parameters (drill speed and feed rate) and ultrasonic parameters (frequency and amplitude) for producing higher temperatures in bone. The increase in drilling speed and feed rate were found to increase the temperatures in bone. The frequencies above 15 kHz were found to produce higher temperatures in bone. The feed rates above 30 mm/min and the amplitude of vibration up to 20 mm were found to have no significant effect on bone temperature. Ultrasonically assisted drilling may be used as an alternative to conventional drilling in orthopaedic surgical procedures to avoid death of bone cells.

In-vitro experimental analysis and numerical study of temperature in bone drilling

“…A difference between the results of this study and that presented in [15] was due to different methods used in acquiring thermal data. Measurements of temperature in bone drilling using a thermocouple attached to the cutting edge of the drill provided higher temperatures compared to those where the thermocouple was imbedded in bone [4]. Contrary to the study where the effect of drilling speed and cooling conditions on necrosis penetration in bone material around the drill was studied [10], this study only measured temperature distribution in bone at a specific distance from the drill.…”

“…Several mechanical operations such as sawing [1], plane cutting [2] and drilling [3,4] are widely used in bone surgical procedures. Penetration of hard surgical tools may induce mechanical [5,6] and thermal damage [7] in bone, affecting its integrity and strength of fixation.…”

Experimental Study on the Effect of Point Angle on Force and Temperature in Ultrasonically Assisted Bone Drilling

“…The average difference in temperature was not more than 4°C. A more significant difference was found when the thermocouple was placed at depths more than 30 mm [29]. Temperature near the drilling region was also simulated using thermomechanical FE model of bone drilling.…”

“…In addition, elevated temperature in bone drilling process may cause death of the cells which may seriously affect osseointegration. Several studies have researched the effect of drilling parameters and drill geometry on force and temperature with the aim to improve the outcome of the process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Orthopedic and dental surgeons use sterile saline to keep the drilling track clear of bone swarf and manage temperature of the bone well below the thermal threshold level.…”

Quantitative Analysis of Force and Torque in Bone Drilling

“…Among these methods, drilling is a surgical technique which is frequently and widely discussed in the literature (Alam 2014;Alam et al 2011a;Alam et al 2014b;Augustin et al 2012;Pandey and Panda 2013). Measurements of forces and temperatures in bone drilling operation have been discussed widely in the literature (Abouzgia and Symington 1996; Alam et al 2011b;Alam et al 2015;Alam and Silberschmidt 2014;Bachus et al 2000;Brisman 1996). Like drilling of other materials (Muhammad et al 2010;Muhammad et al 2011;Muhammad et al 2012), bone drilling requires force to push the tool into the bone.…”