Experimental methods for studying salt nucleation and growth from supercritical water

Armellini, Fred J.; Teste, Jefferson W.

doi:10.1016/0896-8446(91)90020-7

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nucleation kinetics were studied for the system NaCl±Na 2 SO 4 ±H 2 O by the Tester group at MIT, for example [42]. Besides the many salt±water binary phase systems determined until now, ternary (salt1±salt2±water) systems have to be determined.…”

Section: Further Randd Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water Oxidation: State of the Art

Schmieder¹,

Abeln²

1999

Chem. Eng. Technol.

128

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The oxidation of harmful organic compounds contained in aqueous waste effluents known as super critical water oxidation, SCWO, has been worked out since the 1980s. This highly efficient end of the pipe process operates at pressures and temperatures above 221 bar and 374 C, the critical point of water. R&D experience and the technological state including economical and regulatory aspects are reviewed and further R&D needs are discussed in this article. Future applications are also seen in coupling supercritical CO 2 extraction with oxidation to treat contaminated materials and in supercritical water gasification, SCWG, to convert biomass and organic wastes to hydrogen.

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Section: Further Randd Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water Oxidation: State of the Art

Schmieder¹,

Abeln²

1999

Chem. Eng. Technol.

128

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“…Hence, the phenomenon of scaling or plugging easily takes place precisely because of low solubilities of these salts in SCWO. 5 Phase equilibrium relationships have important effect on the morphology and size of salt particles formed in SCWO [21]. To better understand the deposition process of salt-type solids, extensive information on soluble salts is required in SCWO, including dissolution characteristics, phase behavior and other thermal physical properties.…”

Section: Salt Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt deposition problems in supercritical water oxidation

Huang

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…First, the presence of reactive ions such as Cl − , F − , H 3 O + , in combination with SCW and oxygen can lead to severe corrosion of the high-pressure reactor vessel and process equipment [17][18][19][20][21]. Secondly, plugging of the reactor, preheat and cooling section and other components can occur due to precipitation of sticky salts and solids [22][23][24][25]. These two problems have inhibited the commercial breakthrough of the SCWO process up to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%