Experimental Model: Change in the Posterior Fossa with Surgically Induced Spina bif ida aperta in Mouse

Inagaki, Takayuki; Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Walker, Marion L.

doi:10.1159/000121188

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The studies outlined in this review have focused on a variety of animals: large mammals such as sheep [14], pigs [15]and primates [16], small mammals such as the mouse [17], rat [15, 18]and rabbit [19, 20], and avian species such as the White Peking duck [21]and chick embryos [22, 23, 24]. Larger mammals, such as the sheep and monkey, carry on average one embryo per pregnancy and typically tolerate surgical manipulations well, but are expensive and have long gestations (145 and 165 days, respectively).…”

Section: Surgical Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors reduce the number of experiments that can be performed in a given time frame. Most small experimental animals are multiparous, which allows for experimentation on large numbers of embryos, ranging from 3 to 10 embryos per pregnancy and have short gestational periods of 3–4 weeks [17, 19, 20, 21, 25]. The drawbacks are the difficulties with manipulation of the uterus and subsequent survival of the embryo.…”

Section: Surgical Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operated embryos were then cultured ex utero in the peritoneal cavity. The exact techniques, magnification and precise instrumentation were not described in the methodology [17]. …”

Section: Creation Of Spina Bifida or A Spina Bifida-like Lesion And Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Animal Models of Surgically Induced Spinal Neural Tube Defects: Implications for Fetal Surgery

George¹,

Fuh²

2003

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Animal models have been used to help study the embryopathy and pathophysiology of neurological deterioration in open neural tube defects. Results from studies of lesion induction and defect repair in these animals have become the basis for intrauterine repair in humans. This review attempts to discern the advantages and flaws in animal models that may help us understand why spinal cord function is not preserved to the same degree in humans compared to the animal models.

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Section: Surgical Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Animal Models of Surgically Induced Spinal Neural Tube Defects: Implications for Fetal Surgery

George¹,

Fuh²

2003

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…McLone and Knepper (1989) showed that there was a decrease in all of the vesicular volumes of splotch mice with open neural tubes. More recently, Inagaki et al (1997) demonstrated a decrease in size of the ventricles in both the supra-and infratentorial regions in mouse embryos after surgical introduction of spina bifida aperta. They concluded that leakage of CSF through the neural tube opening results in a decrease in intraventricular fluid pressure that leads to Chiari II type malformations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the hindbrains of living chick embryos were intubated with a small glass capillary tube for 24 hr, allowing the release of intraluminal pressure, their brains had 50% less tissue and number of cells compared to control embryos of identical ages (Desmond and Jacobson, 1977;Desmond, 1985). Recently, Inagaki et al (1997) demonstrated a decrease in size of the posterior fossa of intubated mice embryos in utero as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Desmond

Levitan

2002

Anat. Rec.

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The brain expands in the early chick embryo from pressure generated by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a closed neural tube. The sealing of the neural tube occurs as the result of occlusion of the spinal neurocoel rostral to and before closure of the posterior neuropore. We have previously demonstrated the dependence of normal brain expansion upon intraluminal pressure.We had yet to demonstrate, however, that brain expansion actually depends upon natural occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. To demonstrate such dependence, we experimentally occluded the spinal neurocoels of embryos 5 hr younger than stage 11 embryos (in which occlusion of the neurocoel occurs naturally). The stage 10 chick embryos were cultured ex ovo and critically staged, and their spinal neurocoels were occluded using microcautery. All embryos were photographed immediately and at 5, 12, and 24 hr after cautery. Serial sections were made of selected embryos, in which the areas of both the brain and the head were measured. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum nonparametric tests, Hodges-Lehmann estimators, bootstrapping techniques, and resampling randomization tests were used to determine whether the increases in the brain and head areas for the experimental embryos were significantly different from those of the control embryos during three distinct intervals of expansion: 0 -5, 5-12, and 0 -12 hr. From 0 to 5 hr, the brains of the precociously occluded embryos expanded significantly more than the brains of the nonoccluded controls. From 5 to 12 hr, the brains of the embryos with naturally occluded neurocoels grew significantly larger than the brains of the embryos with precociously occluded neurocoels. At 12 hr, there appeared to be no difference in brain size for these two groups. We conclude that the data support the hypothesis that brain expansion is directly dependent upon occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. Anat Rec 268: 147-159, 2002.

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Internal luminal pressure during early chick embryonic brain growth: Descriptive and empirical observations

2005

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If the intraluminal pressure of the brain is decreased for 24 hr, the brain and neuroepithelium volumes are both reduced in half. The current study measured the intraluminal pressure throughout the period of rapid brain growth using a servo-null micropressure monitoring system. From 613 measurements made on 55 embryos, we show that the intraluminal pressure over this time period is appropriately described by a linear model with correlation coefficient of 0.752. To assess whether sustained hyperpressure would increase mitosis, elevated intraluminal pressure was induced in 10 embryos for 1-hr duration via a gravity-fed drip. The mitotic density and index of the mesencephalon were measured for the 10 embryos. Those embryos, in which the colchicine solution was added to the intraluminal cerebrospinal fluid creating a sustained hyperpressure, exhibited at least a 2.5-fold increase in both the mitotic density and index compared with control embryos. Based on the small sample size, we cautiously conclude that sustained hyper-intraluminal pressure does stimulate mitosis.

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Experimental Model: Change in the Posterior Fossa with Surgically Induced Spina bif ida aperta in Mouse

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Review of Animal Models of Surgically Induced Spinal Neural Tube Defects: Implications for Fetal Surgery

Review of Animal Models of Surgically Induced Spinal Neural Tube Defects: Implications for Fetal Surgery

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Internal luminal pressure during early chick embryonic brain growth: Descriptive and empirical observations

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