Experimental Model for Studies of Continuous Peritoneal’ Dialysis in Uremic Rabbits

Gotloib, Lázaro; Crassweller, P.O.; Rodella, Helen; Oreopoulos, D. G.; G, Zellerman; Ogilvie, Raymond; Husdan, H.; Brandes, Lidia; Vas, S.

doi:10.1159/000182655

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Biochemicaland "clinical" features of the animals were close to those previously reported (23,24), confirming the reliability of the model employed and the overall management of the animals which closely mimics the clinical situation. None of the common drawbacks, such as occlusion of the catheter or peritonitis, was observed during the study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of atenolol in rabbits maintained on continuous peritoneal dialysis

Celardo

Traina

Arboix

et al. 1987

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

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The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of atenolol were studied in adult male rabbits on continuous peritoneal dialysis given 3 mg/kg i.v. before and during renal failure. The average terminal elimination half-life for the drug was 2.5 h calculated from blood, dialysate or urinary data. This value increased about nine times in anuric conditions. Although atenolol was eliminated in the peritoneal fluid, the amount excreted was relatively low both in normal conditions and renal failure, respectively 0.6 and 7% of the administered dose. The pharmacokinetic model was extended by an "effect compartment", which has no influence on the predetermined mass of drug in the body, to analyse the relationship between heart rate fall and changes in atenolol blood concentrations. After drug administration, heart rate fell rapidly about 90 beats in both states. The mean equilibration half-time of atenolol effect and blood concentrations was 0.7 and 1.5 h in normal and pathological states, respectively. The mean blood concentration required to produce 50% of heart rate fall was similar in both conditions, 0.23 mg/l. The nine-fold decrease of atenolol elimination in anuria was in good agreement with the increase in duration of the drug's effect, and was suitably described by the "effect model".

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of atenolol in rabbits maintained on continuous peritoneal dialysis

Celardo

Traina

Arboix

et al. 1987

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

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“…Utilizing this mouse model, studies done in our laboratory have previously demonstrated an immu nocompromised uremic host presenting reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction [20][21][22] and increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge [ 13,23], The development of long-term peritoneal dialysis models, in animals having functional peritoneal cathe ters exiting through the skin, has been hindered by numerous complications. CAPD has been conducted in renal failure models in rabbits, dogs and rats for periods ranging from 2 days to 2 months [24][25][26], Additions to the peritoneal dialysis solutions included high concen trations of heparin to prevent fibrin clot formation and prophylactic antibiotics. Despite these preventive mea sures, management of these animals was frequently com plicated by peritoneal infection and obstruction of the peritoneal catheter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of an Intraperitoneal Catheter Implant in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis Peritoneal Infection in Renal Failure Mice

Gallimore¹,

Gagnon²,

Richards

1988

Am J Nephrol

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The influence of a permanent peritoneal catheter implant on the response of renal failure and control mice to peritoneal inoculation with 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU) Staphylococcus epidermidis was assessed 48 h after bacterial challenge. Two weeks after the surgical induction of renal failure or sham surgery, a segment of a peritoneal dialysis catheter was implanted entirely within the confines of the peritoneal cavity of mice. One month later peritoneal S. epidermidis inoculation was performed by transcutaneous injection through the abdominal wall either directly into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.) or via the catheter lumen (i.e.). Following i.p. inoculation, minimal bacterial growth was recovered from the peritoneal structures of all mice, including the peritoneal catheter. In contrast, following i.e. S. epidermidis challenge, the catheter site remained heavily colonized while peritoneal washings and parietal peritoneum again presented minimal bacterial recoveries. S. epidermidis recovery from the catheter site of renal failure mice was significantly greater than from the respective site of sham-operated controls. Scanning electron microscopy of catheter segments recovered from mice following i.e. inoculation revealed single cocci or microcolonies associated with the catheter surface and differential leukocyte counts of fluid aspirated from the catheter lumen revealed evidence of acute inflammation. Signs of inflammatory processes in peritoneal washings and peripheral blood, however, were not observed. These results are discussed in relation to S. epidermidis peritonitis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

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“…The study comprised 20 male New Zealand white rabbits (body weight 2.5–3 kg); the local ethical committee approved the study and use of the animals. The rabbits were divided into two equal groups; one group had uraemia induced surgically (partial excision of the left kidney and 2 weeks later, right nephrectomy) as previously described [20] (CRF rabbits), and the other underwent a sham operation (controls). Increases of both blood urea and creatinine levels were accepted as diagnostic of renal failure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chronic renal failure on the purinergic responses of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbits

Kılıçarslan¹,

Yıldırım

Bağcıvan

et al. 2002

BJU International

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Objective To examine purinergic relaxation responses in chronic renal failure (CRF) in an experimental rabbit model, and thus evaluate the possible involvement of the purinergic system in erectile dysfunction with CRF. Materials and methods The relaxant effects of ATP were measured in strips of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle taken from control and CRF rabbits. CRF was induced in New Zealand white rabbits as previously described. Penises were excised from CRF rabbits 4 weeks after inducing uraemia. In an organ bath the strips from controls and CRF rabbit corpus cavernosum were pre-contracted with phenylephrine and increasing doses of adenosine and ATP added. ResultsIn the pre-contracted rabbit cavernosal tissue the relaxations induced by adenosine and ATP were unchanged in CRF. Conclusion The lack of any relaxant effect of adenosine or ATP on the relaxation of cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbits with CRF might be because the relaxant effects of these agents are endothelium-independent and the endothelial purinergic receptor density was unchanged in CRF.

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Experimental Model for Studies of Continuous Peritoneal’ Dialysis in Uremic Rabbits

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of atenolol in rabbits maintained on continuous peritoneal dialysis

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of atenolol in rabbits maintained on continuous peritoneal dialysis

Role of an Intraperitoneal Catheter Implant in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis Peritoneal Infection in Renal Failure Mice

Effect of chronic renal failure on the purinergic responses of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbits

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