Experimental model of an artificial pneumoperitoneum to measure thermal energy spread during bipolar cauterizing

Thermal endoscope based on cost-effective LWIR camera cores

“…When developing our project since 2016 [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] the state-of-the-art technology did not report imaging devices for endoscopic thermography. A commercial device was more recently introduced, i.e., the thermal boroscope Vividia [13] (by Oasis Scientific), which has a flexible arm with diameter of 17mm or 18.5mm mounting LWIR sensors of 80x60 or 160x120 pixel, respectively.…”

“…Among the advanced intraoperative imaging methods for laparoscopy anatomy navigation [17] , thermal endoscopy is a potentially powerful adjunct allowing the spatio-temporal monitoring of the temperature in the anatomic structures. The need for studying thermal injuries during electrosurgery in laparoscopy has driven this interdisciplinary research and the development of the proposed thermal endoscope [10] . In the field of engineering and nondestructive testing the thermal endoscope can be potentially useful for condition monitoring applications [4] , allowing to perform thermography in peculiar setups characterized by difficult to access spaces and cavities; an example is the inspection of electrical components in equipment.…”

“…Besides the desirable in-process application during surgery, thermal analysis could be important in the optimization of the electrosurgery procedures using laboratory mannequins. For further details see the publications [10] , [11] , in which the developed thermal endoscope was effectively used to investigate the effect of thermal spread during bipolar cauterizing in an artificial model. This preliminary study showed that the area of thermal distribution is related with the delivered energy, the histopathological analysis showed a correlation between necrotic area and the area of energy delivered.…”