Experimental model of cracking induced by drying shrinkage

Colina, Horacio; Roux, Stéphane

doi:10.1007/s101890050021

Cited by 122 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Below the stress-concentrated intermediate zone having a finite thickness, the interior of the slurry is more moist, so it can be considered as a different medium trying to hold the upper dried layer together and providing adhesion. Under this condition, the intercrack spacing on the two dried surfaces should be proportional to the thickness of the layer under tensile stress 46,47 , as a direct consequence of the theory of fracture mechanics; the validity of the proportionality relation has been experimentally confirmed for many kinds of desiccated slurries 7,13,14,16 . Eventually, the vertical limits of the stress-concentrated region determine the horizontal spacing between adjacent secondary cracks, or equivalently, they determine the area of the polygonal cells surrounded by secondary cracks Our experimental results indicate that for the potato starch, the vertical limits of the stress-concentrated region, which is denoted by L φ , is comparable to or exceeds 11 mm, which is the maximum of the slurry thickness that we used in the experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Morphometric analysis of polygonal cracking patterns in desiccated starch slurries

et al. 2017

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We investigate the geometry of two-dimensional polygonal cracking that forms on the air-exposed surface of dried starch slurries. Two different kinds of starches, made from potato and corn, exhibited distinguished crack evolution, and there were contrasting effects of slurry thickness on the probability distribution of the polygonal cell area. The experimental findings are believed to result from the difference in the shape and size of starch grains, which strongly influence the capillary transport of water and tensile stress field that drives the polygonal cracking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Earlier studies have elucidated the mechanism of desiccation crack formation for various grain-liquid mixtures [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . The mixtures typically consist of a skeleton of solid grains and pore spaces that are filled with either liquid or air bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of polygonal cracking patterns in desiccated starch slurries

et al. 2017

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“…To make quantitative comparisons between the crack patterns, the mean spacing of cracks is measured according to Colina and Roux (2000). For the comparisons presented in Figure 3-12, the mean crack spacings are: 47.2 and 51.9 mm for results (a) and (b), and 98.8 and 101.3 mm for results (c) and (d), respectively.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential straining, and straining under restraint, can produce tensile stresses of sufficient magnitude to initiate cracking. Desiccation cracking of clay has been the subject of many experimental studies (Konrad and Ayad, 1997;Colina and Roux, 2000;Lakshmikantha et al, 2012). Numerical models have also been developed to study desiccation cracking (Kitsunezaki, 2011).…”

Section: Simulation Of Desiccation Cracking Of a Mining Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Report on THMC Modeling of the Near Field Evolution of a Generic Clay Repository: Model Validation and Demonstration

Liu¹

2013

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“…Unlike systems in which cracks tend to propagate until stopped by other preexisting cracks (9), crack propagation in the MWNT arrays is usually arrested before cracks meet (Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillarity-driven assembly of two-dimensional cellular carbon nanotube foams

Chakrapani

Wei

Carrillo

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

257

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Capillary forces arising during the evaporation of liquids from dense carbon nanotube arrays are used to reassemble the nanotubes into two-dimensional contiguous cellular foams. The stable nanotube foams can be elastically deformed, transferred to other substrates, or floated out to produce free-standing macroscopic fabrics. The lightweight cellular foams made of condensed nanotubes could have applications as shock-absorbent structural reinforcements and elastic membranes. The ability to control the length scale, orientation, and shape of the cellular structures and the simplicity of the assembly process make this a particularly attractive system for studying pattern formation in ordered media.C ellular patterns arise frequently in nature on length scales ranging from microscopic to macroscopic as a result of spatially periodic and random perturbations (1-5); examples range from the morphogenesis of embryos to patterns in coffee stains. A film of aligned carbon nanotubes represents a unique, yet unstudied type of system in which pattern formation could arise from the collapse and reassembly of highly ordered, anisotropic, elastic, nanoscale rods with remarkable properties. We report the creation of intriguing two-dimensional cellular foams by the evaporation of liquids from such nanotube films (6, 7). Shrinkage and crack formation in the films caused by strong capillary forces during evaporation and strong van der Waals interactions between condensed nanotubes (8) result in the formation of visually striking, stable cellular patterns and contiguous foams. Patterns formed by nanotube aggregates differ significantly from other polygonal crack patterns (9-13) because of the inherent dimensions, strength, and flexibility of the nanotubes (14, 15). The length scale, orientation, and shape of the cellular structures can be controlled by varying the nanotube height and the rate of evaporation of liquid and by patterning the nanotube array. The nanotube foams also can be floated out to produce free-standing macroscopic films. The outstanding properties of the constituent nanotubes may lead to applications for these structures as shock-absorbent reinforcements and in nanofiltration devices. Materials and MethodsFabrication of Multiwalled Nanotube Arrays. Vertically aligned multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) arrays (Fig. 1a) were grown on rigid silica substrates by using a chemical vapor deposition process (7) based on the decomposition of ferrocene and xylene. Patterned MWNT arrays were fabricated by patterning silica (SiO 2 ) on Si(100) (6) and exposing these patterned substrates to a mixture of ferrocene and xylene at 800°C. Nanotubes grow selectively on the patterned silica regions (6).Formation of Cellular Carbon Nanotube Foams. The aligned nanotube arrays were oxidized in an oxygen plasma created in a glow discharge chamber (Harrick Scientific, Ossining, NY) at room temperature and 0.6 torr (1 torr ϭ 133 Pa) pressure for Ϸ10 min. Characterization of the oxidized MWNTs by Raman spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the...

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Experimental model of cracking induced by drying shrinkage

Cited by 122 publications

References 12 publications

Morphometric analysis of polygonal cracking patterns in desiccated starch slurries

Morphometric analysis of polygonal cracking patterns in desiccated starch slurries

Report on THMC Modeling of the Near Field Evolution of a Generic Clay Repository: Model Validation and Demonstration

Capillarity-driven assembly of two-dimensional cellular carbon nanotube foams

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